Image analysis – Image compression or coding
Reexamination Certificate
2011-05-10
2011-05-10
Ahmed, Samir A (Department: 2624)
Image analysis
Image compression or coding
C382S250000, C382S251000, C382S100000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07940989
ABSTRACT:
A method and apparatus for a novel statistical model based on Benford's law for the probability distributions of the first digits of the block-DCT and quantized JPEG coefficients. A parametric logarithmic law, the generalized Benford's law, is formulated. Furthermore, some potential applications of this model in image forensics, which include the detection of JPEG compression for images in bitmap format, the estimation of JPEG compression Q-factor for JPEG compressed bitmap image, and the detection of double compressed JPEG image. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the statistical model used in embodiments of the invention.
REFERENCES:
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Zhigang Fan et al: “Identification of Bitmap Compression History: JPEG Detection and Quantizer Estimation” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, IEEE Service Center, vol. 12, No. 2, Feb. 2, 2003, pp. 230-235.
Lukas, J. et al: “Estimation of Primary Quantization Matrix in Double Compressed JPEG Images”, Proceedings of Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) 2003, Aug. 5, 2003-Aug. 8, 2003, pp. 1-17.
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Acebo E. et al; “Benford's Law for Natural and Synthetic Images” Eurographics Workshop on Computational Aesthetics OM Graphics, Visualization and Imagin, May 18, 2005-May 20, 2005, p. 169, 171.
Hill et al; “Regularity of digits and significant digits of random variables”, Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, North-Holland, vol. 115, No. 10, Oct. 2005, pp. 1723-1743.
Pevny, T et al. “Estimation of Primary Quantization Matrix for Steganalysis of Double-Compressed JPEG Images”, Proc. Spie, Electronic Imaging, Security, Forensics, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, Jan. 28, 2008-Jan. 31, 2008, pp. 1-13.
Fu DongDong
Shi Yun-Quing
Ahmed Samir A
Connolly Bove & Lodge & Hutz LLP
Liu Li
New Jersey Institute of Technology
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