Measuring and testing – Liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a... – Viscosity
Patent
1995-02-03
1996-11-05
Williams, Hezron E.
Measuring and testing
Liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a...
Viscosity
73 5301, G01N 1100
Patent
active
055719511
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION--FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the testing of concrete for use when cementing casings in oil and gas wells.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION--DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
There are previously known equipment and methods for testing concrete/cement mixtures for the purpose concerned.
Thus, one known test apparatus is substantially intended to test the concrete/cement mixture with respect to micro silicon oxide content. With this known test method, a pipe having one closed end and a height of about 2 meters is filled with concrete to be tested and, above the concrete column, a water layer is placed, whereafter nitrogen gas is supplied from below. The test consists in observing the temperature development within the cement mixture or possible nitrogen gas penetration, the latter being observed through tiny gas bubbles in the water layer.
In another known test apparatus of this kind, the test parameters are the same as above, but in this case one uses a much longer pipe, about 10 meters, for the concrete/cement mixture to be tested.
Systems based on these prior art techniques suffer from a number of deficiencies and disadvantages substantially associated with the one-sidedness of the systems and of which i.a. the following may be mentioned:
Known test apparatus can not be put under pressure in order to simulate the conditions normally existing in a subsea oil or gas well. The concrete/cement mixture to be tested can not be heated, either in a static condition or during circulation and, therefore, the test can not be effected at the temperatures that are prevailing in the reservoir in which the casings are to be securely cast by means of concrete, the nature of which it is desired to test.
Likewise, it represents obvious disadvantages and deficiencies in conventional test equipment that neither hydrostatic pressure (weight of concrete plus pressure above the concrete column) nor differential pressure can be measured. One may, indeed, observe possible flow of gas through the concrete column/sample, but prior art test equipment lack measuring instruments to measure the amount of gas penetrating into or flowing out from the concrete column. Further, the concrete/cement mixture can not be circulated and, consequently, one can not simulate a complete cementing operation in situ, which, additionally, presupposes circulation of mud and separating liquid.
Also, it is desirable to test concrete/cement mixtures for cementing casings within wells drilled in permafrost and, likewise, how the concrete/cement mixture behaves itself in deviated wells and horizontal wells. Moreover, it would involve obvious advantages to be capable of logging data (data of experience) for later use. None of this is possible to realize by means of prior art concrete test methods and equipment.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
A main object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a new apparatus and a new method of the kind defined introductorily, wherein at least most of the described disadvantages, deficiencies and limitations of conventional techniques have been completely eliminated or reduced to a substantial degree.
Thus, according to the invention, one has aimed at providing an apparatus and a method wherein concrete/cement mixtures can be tested under conditions which in many respects simulate the conditions to which the concrete/cement mixture is anticipated to be subjected in connection with the casing cementing in subsea oil or gas wells, as well as deviated wells, highly deviated wells and horizontal wells.
The main object of the invention is realized through a combination of features appearing from the following independent claims. Subordinate, advantageous features are indicated in the dependent claims.
In principle, the invention comprises an apparatus and method in which the pipe containing the concrete sample is placed in a chamber, which may have the form of two hinged chamber halves, enabling the opening and closing of the chamber. The ch
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Politzer Jay L.
Veba AS
Williams Hezron E.
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