Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1980-05-14
1982-01-19
Brown, Johnnie R.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
252355, 252356, 435101, 536 18, 536119, 536121, C08B 3700
Patent
active
043118305
ABSTRACT:
Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects. Deproteinization of emulsans by hot phenol extraction produces the lipopolysaccharide components (the "apoemulsans") of each of such emulsans, which components have been shown to be completely N-acylated and partially O-acylated heteropolysaccharides made up of a major amounts of D-galactosamine and an aminouronic acid, the O-lipoacyl portions of such apoemulsans containing varying percentages of fatty acid esters in which the fatty acids contain from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Base hydrolysis under mild conditions of the emulsans and apoemulsans produces derivatives (the ".psi.-emulsans" and "apo-.psi.-emulsans", respectively) which are completely N-acylated and partially to completely O-deacylated. Base hydrolysis under strong conditions of any of these products produces another derivate (the "proemulsans") which is completely O-deacylated and is partially N-deacylated. Emulsans and apoemulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components. In addition, these extracellular microbial polysaccharides as well as their O-deacylated and N-deaclated derivatives are adsorbed on and capable of flocculating aluminosilicate ion-exchangers, such as kaolin and bentonite.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3941692 (1976-03-01), Gutnick et al.
patent: 3997398 (1976-12-01), Zajic et al.
patent: 4146705 (1979-03-01), Knutson, Jr.
patent: 4146706 (1979-03-01), Hisatsuka et al.
patent: 4230801 (1980-10-01), Gutnick et al.
patent: 4234689 (1980-11-01), Gutnick et al.
Zajic et al., "Dev. Ind. Microbiol.", 12, pp. 87-98, 1971.
Zajic et al., "Chemosphere", 1, pp. 51-56, 1972.
Reisfeld et al., "Applied Microbiology", 24, pp. 363-368, 1972.
Zajic et al., "Biotechnol. Bioeng.", 14, pp. 331-343, 1972.
Juni, "Jour. of Bacteriology", vol. 112, No. 2, pp. 917-931, 1972.
Englander et al., "Int. Assoc. Microbiol. Soc. Abstract", vol. II, p. 201, 1973.
Rosenberg, "EPA Report 660-3-75-001", pp. 157-168, 12, 1974.
Horowitz et al., "Applied Microbiology", 30, pp. 10-19, 1975.
Zajic et al., "Crilical Rev. Microbiol.", 5, pp. 39-48, 1976.
Gutnick et al., "Ann. Rev. Microbiol", 31, pp. 379-396, 1977.
Belsky Igal
Gutnick David L.
Rosenberg Eugene
Zosim Zinaida
Brown Johnnie R.
Petroleum Fermentations N.V.
LandOfFree
Apo-.alpha.-emulsans does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Apo-.alpha.-emulsans, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Apo-.alpha.-emulsans will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1916361