Antiviral purine derivatives

Details Antiviral purine derivatives Antiviral purine derivatives

2001-03-27

2003-10-28

Berch, Mark L. (Department: 1624)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Phosphorus containing other than solely as part of an...

C544S244000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06638919

ABSTRACT:

The present invention relates to a chemical compound. In particular the present invention relates to a chemical compound suitable for use as an anti-viral agent. The present invention also relates to the therapeutic use of the present chemical compound, to a pharmaceutical composition containing the present compound and to use of the present compound in the manufacture of a medicament.
Since the recognition of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) much interest and research activity has been directed to its understanding and to attempting to provide a means of treatment. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as the presumed aetological agent in AIDS. A large literature now exists related to the use of a wide variety of chemical compounds having as their object a demonstration of anti-viral activity with respect to HIV, hepatitus B virus (HBV), herpes and other viruses.
A class of compounds which has demonstrated anti-viral activity and which has been the subject of a large amount of research are nucleoside analogues.
An example of such a compound is “Abacavir” which is a substituted adenine analogue (Foster R. H. & Faulds D. Drugs 1998 55 729-736). This compound has entered clinical use due to the potential activity and stability of the compound displayed in preliminary work.
PCT/GB96100580 relates to a class of nucleoside analogues said to be highly active with respect to HIV. In particular PCT/GB96/00580 addresses the problem of providing compounds which are said to be highly potent in vitro viral inhibitors in both TK
−
and TK
+
cells. The compounds disclosed in PCT/GB96/00580 are phosphoramidates of purine or pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. Such compounds can however display chemical, for example acid, or biological, for example nucleoside phosphorylase, instability towards glycoside bond cleavage. Consequential deactivation may limit their potential clinical efficacy.
A compound however to be potentially useful in a clinical setting needs to exhibit a number of other properties as well as demonstrating, at least in in vitro tests, a sufficient and desired anti-viral activity. Primarily, these other properties comprise good pharmacokinetic properties, sufficient stability in the compound to permit its ease of handling and supply, and sufficiently low toxicity to permit its administration with an acceptable level of side effects to a patient in need of treatment for the viral infection in question.
In practice however it is frequently found that attempts to modify a compound demonstrating anti-viral activity in vitro, in order to improve its other properties, can have a detrimental effect on the anti-viral activity it displays. Ideally moreover any compound proposed for clinical trials needs also to have a ready means of administration and to be prepareable by an economically viable route.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel class of compounds exhibiting potent anti-viral, in particular anti HIV and/or HBV activity, in combination with good pharmacokinetic and stability properties and exhibiting sufficiently low toxicity so as to provide a compound having beneficial properties for clinical use.
According to the present invention there is provided a compound according to the following formula (1):
wherein
Ar is an aryl group,
R
1
and R
2
are independently selected from the group comprising H, alkyl and aryl groups;
X is selected from the group comprising O, NH, NR
4
and S wherein R
4
is selected from the group comprising alkyl and aryl groups;
R
5
is selected from the group comprising H, alkyl and aryl groups, wherein when R
1
and R
5
are each alkyl they may be linked to form a 5- or 6-membered ring;
and R
3
is selected from the group comprising H, al, aryl, heterocyclic and polycyslic groups,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or metabolite thereof.
The present invention includes salts and physiologically functional derivatives of the presently defined compounds.
Reference in the present specification to an alkyl group means a branched or unbranched, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated (e.g. alkenyl or alkynyl) hydrocarbyl radical. Where cyclic, the alkyl group is preferably C
3
to C
12
, more preferably C
5
to C
10
, more preferably C
5
to C
7
. Where acyclic, the alkyl group is preferably C
1
to C
16
, more preferably C
1
to C
6
, more preferably methyl or ethyl.
Reference in the present specification to an aryl group means an aromatic group, such as phenyl or naphthyl, or a heteroaromatic group containing one or more, preferably one, heteroatom for example O, N and/or S, such as pyridyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl and thiophenyl. Preferably, the aryl group comprises phenyl or substituted phenyl.
The alkyl and aryl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted. Where substituted, there will generally be 1 to 3 substituents present, preferably 1 substituent. Substituents may include halogen atoms and halomethyl groups such as CF
3
and CCl
3
; oxygen containing groups such as oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoyl, alkoyloxy, aryloxy, aryloyl and aryloyloxy; nitrogen containing groups such as amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cyano, azide and nitro; sulphur containing groups such as thiol, alkylthiol, sulphonyl and sulphoxide, heterocyclic groups which may themselves be substituted; alkyl groups, which may themselves be substituted; and aryl groups, which may themselves be substituted, such as phenyl and substituted phenyl. Alkyl includes substituted and unsubstituted benzyl. Reference in the present specification to alkoxy and aryloxy groups means alkyl-O—and aryl-O— groups, respectively. Reference to alkoyl and aryloyl groups means alkyl-CO—and aryl-CO—, respectively.
Reference in the present specification to heterocyclic groups means groups containing one or more, optionally bridged, rings containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms in total. Each ring in the group may contain 3 to 12, preferably 1 to 6, atoms in total. At least one ring present contains 1 to 2 heteroatoms. Where two or more rings are present they may be fused or unfused. The rings can contain unsaturation. Heteroatoms includes 0, S and N. Examples of such heterocyclic groups containing one or more pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, yrazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, pyronyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thionaphthyl, benzofuiranyl, isobenzofiyl, indolyl, oxyindolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, indolinyl, 7-azaindolyl, isoindazolyl, benzopyranyl, coumarinyl, isocoumarinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, napthridinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, pyridopyridyl, benzoxazinyl, quinoxadinyl, chromenyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl and carbolinyl.
References in the present specification to polycyclic groups means a group comprising two or more non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings which may themselves be substituted. Preferably the group contains 2 to 4 fused or non-fuised rings, each ring suitably containing 3 to 12 atoms, more suitably 4 to 10, more suitably 5 to 7, and even more suitably 5 to 6 atoms. The definitions of cyclic alkyl and heterocyclic rings given above also apply to the rings in the polycyclic groups.
Reference in the present specification to halogen means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine radical, preferably fluorine or chlorine radical.
The group Ar comprises a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, wherein the term “aryl group” and the possible substitution of said group is as defined above. Preferably, Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. Particularly preferred substituents are electron withdrawing groups such as halogen (preferably chlorine or fluorine), trihalomethyl (preferably trifluoromethyl), cyano and nitro groups. Preferably, Ar is phenyl, 3,5-dichloro-phenyl, p-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, p-cyano-phenyl, or p-nitro-phenyl.
R
3
is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic and polycyclic groups.
Preferably, R
3
is a su

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