Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Conjugate or complex
Patent
1996-09-17
1998-11-24
Lankford, Jr., Leon B.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Conjugate or complex
424404, 424617, 424647, 424648, A01N 6500, A01N 5916, A61K 3578, A61K 3326
Patent
active
058403086
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Bacteriophage represent a diverse group of viruses that exert both positive and negative effects in microbiology. For example, in the dairy industry bacteriophages of the lactic acid bacteria represent a major source of starter culture failure with consequent poor-quality milk fermentations. A number of measures to prevent phage infection, including implementation of hygienic procedures, rotation of starter cultures, isolation of resistant mutants and formulation of media to suppress phage proliferation have been have proven to be valuable monitors of faecal contamination in ground developments with genetically recombinant bacteriophage, containing either the bacterial luciferase lux genes or the ice nucleation gene ina, have established an additional value for phage in the rapid detection of the eventual destruction of bacteriophage is important either from the perspective of maintaining effective fermentation or from the viewpoint of good microbiological practice in the disposal of contaminated material. At present, the methods available for bacteriophage destruction such as heat viability and survival of associated bacteria. In the case of a sterilisation regime this is of little significance but the ability to combat bacteriophage in industrial environments would benefit from an environmentally benign procedure that could differentially destroy the virus without damaging metabolically-active bacterial cells. One example is in the dairy industry as mentioned above. Another concerns spraying plants which have symbiotic bacteria to control bacteriophage infection.
There are also many situations where it would be useful to be able to combat fungus without at the same time damaging metabolically-active cells. Plant extracts have been used against disease development in banana
This invention provides an antiviral or antifungal composition comprising an effective concentration of a mixture of a ferrous salt and an extract of a plant selected from pomegranate rind, Viburnum plicatum leaves or flowers, tea leaves and maple leaves.
An antiviral composition is one which combats, e.g. by preventing growth or preferably killing, virus such as bacteriophage. An antifungal composition is one which combats, e.g. by preventing growth and preferably by killing fungus and destroying its spores. Preferred compositions are antiviral or antifungal, but without at the same time substantially damaging metabolically active bacterial or other cells with which the virus or fungus is associated. Preferably the composition is an aqueous solution, i.e. one in which water is the sole or the main constituent solvent.
The composition comprises a ferrous salt, which may conveniently be ferrous sulphate. The nature of the anion is however not critical, provided that the salt is non-toxic to bacterial and other cells under the intended conditions of use and is water-soluble. A preferred ferrous salt concentration range is 0.1 mM to 0.1M, particularly from 1 to 20 mM.
The composition also contains an extract of a plant. These plant extracts may conveniently be prepared by boiling the comminuted plant part with water or other solvent. The resulting extract may be fractionated. It is probable that the extract contains one or more active components. Although such active components have remained refractive to purification, there is a uniform consistency in the extracted activity from different sources of the plant parts and from parts obtained at different times of the year. The inventors have examined many different plants and have identified the following four as active: activity resides in the rind. Camellia sinensis may be used. generally leaves or flowers of any part of the genus Acer.
The plant extract may be used as is, or diluted as appropriate, e.g. by a factor of up to 100. Effective compositions generally contain 10-90% by volume of the ferrous salt solution together with correspondingly 90-10% by volume of the concentrated or diluted plant extract. The composition should preferably be stored in the dark.
The invention also include
REFERENCES:
Khaidarov et al. Chemical Abstracts, vol. 116 (26), Abstract No. 257791, 1992.
Azzouz et al. J. Food Prot., vol. 45 (14), pp. 1298-1301, 1982.
Denyer Stephen Paul
Jassim Sabah Abdel Amir
Stewart Gordon Sydney Anderson Birnie
Lankford , Jr. Leon B.
Merck Patent GmbH
Tate Christopher R.
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