Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-22
2003-06-24
Fay, Zohreh (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an...
C514S563000, C514S912000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06583181
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to sanitizing and disinfecting compositions and ophthalmic solutions containing a quaternary ammonium compound, an amine, or a combination thereof and an electrolyte, which cause little, if any, ocular irritation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sanitizers and disinfectants are formulations intended to reduce or destroy pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Quaternary ammonium compounds serve as the active antimicrobial agent in a wide variety of these formulations which are currently used in the household, industrial and institutional markets. They are typically effective at low concentrations and provide a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity, against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. In addition to the antimicrobial agent, the formulations usually contain co-surfactants to assist in solubilizing soil particulates. As labor costs have been increasing substantially, there has been a trend toward one-step disinfectant cleaners, i.e., formulations which both clean and disinfect or sanitize in one application. This concept has also become attractive for the household market as well, where reducing cleaning time is desirable.
Unfortunately, many quaternary ammonium compounds, such as dialkyl quaternary ammonium chlorides, being cationic surfactants, are irritating to ocular tissue.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,990 discloses the use of certain substituted imidazoline based amphoterics to reduce the ocular irritation caused by quaternary ammonium compounds. These amphoterics, however, have not been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use on indirect food contact surfaces, such as cutting boards, utensils, containers, dishes, and wash basins.
With increased concerns over pathogens in the household environment, the need for safe disinfectants and sanitizers has increased. Therefore, there is a continuing need for safe and mild household disinfectants and sanitizers which do not cause ocular irritation and are suitable for indirect food contact surfaces.
It has recently been discovered that benzalkonium chloride, a widely used preservative in ophthalmic solutions, may induce irreversible cytotoxic damage. See C. Debbasch et al.,
J. Toxicol
.-
Cut
. &
Ocular Toxicol
., 19(2&3), 105-115 (2000). Therefore, there is a continuing need for preservatives for ophthalmic solutions which do not cause cytotoxic damage or ocular irritation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have discovered that electrolytes, such as the sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), reduce the ocular irritation and increase the disinfecting and sanitizing efficacy of compositions containing quaternary ammonium compounds or amines. As a result, concentrated solutions containing quaternary ammonium compounds and/or amines of the present invention have low, if any, ocular irritation. Furthermore, use dilutions of the concentrated solutions of the present invention include ingredients which are approved by the U.S. EPA for use on indirect food contact surfaces, unlike disinfecting and sanitizing compositions containing imidazoline compounds. Additionally, the use dilutions exhibit superior efficacy against gram negative and positive bacteria compared to similar compositions which do not contain the electrolyte and remain effective in hard water.
The present invention is a concentrate, such as a sanitizing and disinfecting concentrate, comprising from about 0.5 to about 4.0% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound, an amine, or a combination thereof and from about 2.0 to about 15.0% by weight of electrolyte, based upon 100% total weight of concentrate. The concentrate is generally substantially free of imidazoline compounds. Use dilutions of the concentrate of the present invention have superior efficacy against both gram negative and positive bacteria compared to similar compositions which do not contain the electrolyte. Furthermore, use dilutions of the concentrate remain effective in water having a hardness of at least 200, 300, 400, and even 750 ppm.
Another embodiment is an ophthalmic solution comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, an amine, or a combination thereof, at least one electrolyte, and, optionally, a biologically active agent. The ophthalmic solution generally comprises from about 0.5 to about 4.0% by weight of quaternary ammonium compound and amine and from about 1.0 to about 15.0% by weight of electrolyte, based upon 100% total weight of ophthalmic solution. The quaternary ammonium compound and amine typically act as a preservative. The electrolyte prevents the quaternary ammonium compound and amine from irritating the eye of anyone who is administered the ophthalmic solution. The electrolyte also neutralizes the toxic effects of the quaternary ammonium compound and amine. The solution is generally substantially free of imidazoline compounds.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have discovered that electrolytes at certain concentrations reduce, if not eliminate, ocular irritation due to quaternary ammonium compounds and amines.
Concentrates
One embodiment of the present invention is a concentrate comprising from about 0.5 to about 4.0% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound, an amine, or a combination thereof and from about 2.0 to about 15.0% by weight of electrolyte, based upon 100% total weight of concentrate. The concentrate preferably comprises from about 1.0 to about 3.0% and more preferably from about 1.0 to about 2.0% by weight of quaternary ammonium compound, amine, or a combination thereof. The concentrate also preferably comprises from about 2.0 to about 10.0% and more preferably from about 4.0 to about 8.0% by weight of electrolyte.
The quaternary ammonium compound or amine may be any antimicrobial, antifungal, or antibacterial quaternary ammonium compound or amine. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium compound and/or amine effectively disinfects and/or sanitizes substrates. Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds include, but are not limited to, those having the formula:
where R
1
is a linear or branched C
1
-C
4
alkyl or linear or branched C
1
-C
4
alkoxy; R
2
is a linear or branched C
1
-C
18
alkyl or linear or branched C
1
-C
18
alkoxy; R
3
is a linear or branched C
6
-C
18
alkyl or is —R
5
—O—R
6
—O(C
6
H
5
)R
7
, wherein R
5
and R
6
are independently linear or branched C
1
-C
8
alkyl and R
7
is linear or branched C
1
-C
12
alkyl; R
4
is a linear or branched C
6
-C
18
alkyl, benzyl, or (C
1
-C
18
alkyl)benzyl; and X is an anion. According to a preferred embodiment, R
3
and R
4
are independently C
8
-C
18
alkyl and more preferably C
8
-C
12
alkyl. According to another preferred embodiment, R
3
is a C
12
-C
18
alkyl and R
4
is benzyl. Suitable anions include, but are not limited to, halogens, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, and fluoride, and carbonate.
Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds include, but are not limited to, alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides, dialkylmethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides, alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl quaternary ammonium chlorides, benzethonium chloride (available as Hyamine® 1622 from Lonza Inc. of Fair Lawn, N.J.), and any combination of any of the foregoing.
Non-limiting examples of alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides include alkyl (C
14
50%; C
12
40%, C
16
10%) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (available as Barquat® MB-50 and MB-80 from Lonza Inc.), alkyl (C
14
60%; C
16
30%; C
12
5%. C
18
5%) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (available as Barquat® 4280Z from Lonza, Inc.), (C
12
-C
18
alkyl) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, and any combination of any of the foregoing.
Non-limiting examples of dialkyldimethyl ammonium chlorides include dioctyldimethylammonium chloride (available as Bardac® LF and LF-80 from Lonza, Inc.), octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride (available as a mixture of octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride, and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride as Bardac® 2050 and 2080 from Lonza, Inc.), didecyldimethylam
Chiang Michael Yao-Chi
Hall Larry Kent
Darby & Darby
Fay Zohreh
Lonza Inc.
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