Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-19
2001-09-18
Sanders, Kriellion (Department: 1714)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
active
06291549
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to compositions for the production of antifouling coatings which comprise organopolysiloxanes as binder and biocides as active substance.
Antifouling coatings are used to protect articles against infestation, especially ships' hulls, screens, nets, constructions, quaysides, signalling equipment and articles which come into contact with sea water or brackish water.
Infestation growth is a severe problem especially in the case of ships, since, for example, the frictional resistance is increased and, as a consequence of the increased energy consumption and frequent spells in dry dock, the operating costs are significantly heightened. For this reason, antifouling coatings have long been used to prevent cases of infestation by algae, barnacles, tube worms, mussels or other marine organisms.
In this area it is possible to make a fundamental distinction between antifouling coatings which include biocides and those which are biocide-free.
Biocide-free antifouling coatings possess anti-adhesion properties, i.e. the intention is to prevent physically the attachment of marine organisms. U.S. Pat. No. 5 298 060, for example, describes a system based on organosilicone liquids in combination with organosilicone polymers. The effectiveness of the biocide-free antifouling coatings, however, is limited, so that within relatively short periods of time it is still necessary to carry out mechanical cleaning of the ship's hull or of the underwater construction.
Also known are antifouling coating which comprise biocides (U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,398). The biocides kill the organisms which form the infestation. Common antifouling biocides are organotin compounds or else copper antimony and bismuth compounds. The disadvantage of these biocides is their poor environmental compatibility. Antifouling biocides which include heavy metals are particularly problematic since they cause contamination of the sea water and of the sea floor, especially in the area of harbours. The purely organic biocides which are also mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,398, on the other hand, do not have a good long-term action, since apparently the active substance is degraded prematurely while still in the coating.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a highly effective antifouling coating which has good long-term action and improved environmental compatibility.
It has surprisingly now been found that antifouling coatings with heavy-metal-free biocides exhibit markedly improved antifouling properties in conjunction with a good long-term action and improved environmental compatibility if organopolysiloxanes are used as binders in the antifouling coating.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention therefore provides compositions comprising a) at least one organopolysiloxane and b) at least one heavy-metal-free biocide.
The good antifouling action of the novel combination of heavy-metal-free biocide and organopolysiloxane as binder in the antifouling coating of the invention is apparently induced by synergism between the biological action of the biocide and the physical action of the organopolysiloxane.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The organopolysiloxanes which are preferably employed in accordance with the invention, such as silicone resins, silicone rubber systems, organomodified polysiloxanes such as polyethersiloxanes, epoxy- or amino-functional siloxanes and silicone acrylates and/or organosilicone copolymers, possess on the one hand an anti-adhesion effect owing to their hydrophobic surface. This reduces the infestation by algae, barnacles, tube worms, mussels or other marine organisms on the surface of ships' hulls and underwater constructions. At the same time the hydrophobic polymer matrix of the invention results in the heavy-metal-free biocides it contains having an improved long-term action. This relates in particular to the biocides employed in the preferred embodiment that are degradable in sea water.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the long-term action is increased further by an additional microencapslation of the heavy-metal-free biocide.
Suitable biocides are preferably heavy-metal-free algicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides and bactericides such as
Triazoles
azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, dichlobutrazol, diniconazole, hexconazole, metconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, amitrole, azocyclotin, epoxyconazole, bitertanol, difenoconazole, fenbuconazole, fenchlorazole, fenethanil, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, imibenconazole, isozofos, myclobutanil, paclobutrazol, (±-cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triapenthenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, uniconazole and their metal salts and acid adducts.
Imidazoles
imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole.
Thiazolecarboxanilides such as 2′,6′-dibromo-2-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxy4′-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide and their metal salts and acid adducts.
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors such as
fenfuram, furcarbanil, cyclafluramid, furmecyclox, seedvax, metsulfovax, pyrocarbolid, oxycarboxin, Shirlan, mebenil (mepronil), benodanil, flutolanil (Moncut);
Naphthalene Derivatives such as
terbinafine, naftifine, butenafine;
sulfenamides such as dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, folpet, fluorfolpet; captan, captofol;
benzimidazoles such as carbendazim, benomyl, furathiocarb, fuberidazole, thiophonatmethyl, thiabendazole or salts thereof;
morpholine derivatives such as tridemorph, fenpropimorph, falimorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph; aldimorph, fenpropidin and their salts with arylsulphonic acids, such as p-toluenesulphonic acid and p-dodecylphenyl-sulphonic acid;
dithiocarbamates, cufraneb, ferbam, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, thiram zeneb, ziram:
Benzothiazoles such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole;
Benzamides such as 2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-benzamide;
Boron compounds such as boric acid, boric esters, borax;
formaldehyde and formaldehyde donor compounds such as benzyl alcohol mono-(poly)-hemiformal, oxazolidines, hexa-hydro-S-triazines, N-methylolchloracetamide, paraformadehyde, nitropyrine, oxolic acid, tecloftalam;
tris-N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-aluminium;
N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 5-cloro-N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-N-octylisothiazolin-3-one, N-octyl-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-trimethylene-isothiazolinone, 4,5-benzisothiazolinone;
aldehydes such as cinnamaldehyde, formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, &bgr;-bromo-cinnamaldehyde; thiocyanates such as thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole, methylenebisthiocyanate, and the like;
quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride;
iodine derivatives such as diiodomethyl p-tolyl sulphone, 3-iodo-2-propinyl alcohol, 4-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargyl formal, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl alcohol, 3-iodo-2-propinyl n-butylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl-n-butylurea, 3-iodo-2-propinyl n-hexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl cyclohexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl phenylcarbamate;
phenol derivatives such as tribromophenol, tetrachlorophenol, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol, phenoxyethanol, dichlorophen, o-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol and their alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
Microbicides having an activated halogen group such as chloroacetamide, N-methylolchloroacetamide, bronopol, bronidox, tectamer such as 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-bromo-4′-hydroxy-acetophenone, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo-propionamide, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, &bgr;-bromo-&bgr;-nitrostyrene;
pyridines such as 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (and the Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn salts thereof), tetrachloro-4-methylsulphonylpyridine, pyrimethanol, mepanipyrim, dipyrithion;
dialkyldithiocarbamates such as Na salts of dialkyldithiocar
Kaesler Karl-Heinz
Mechtel Markus
Podszun Wolfgang
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Gil Joseph C.
Henderson Richard E. L.
Sanders Kriellion
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