Antifouling paint

Details Antifouling paint Antifouling paint

1999-04-19

2002-04-02

Warden, Jill (Department: 1743)

Compositions

Preservative agents

C424S076800, C424S405000, C424S408000, C424S569000, C106S015050, C106S018320

Reexamination Certificate

active

06365066

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the use of microencapsulated heavy-metal-free biocides in antifouling coating compositions.
Antifouling coatings for preventing infestation by algae, barnacles, tube worms, mussels or other marine organisms on the surface of articles which come into contact with sea water or brackish water have been used for a long time. Infestation growth is a severe problem especially in the case of ships, since, for example, the frictional resistance is increased and, as a consequence of the increased energy consumption and frequent spells in dry dock, the operating costs are significantly heightened.
A distinction can be made between antifouling coatings which include biocides and those which are biocide-free. Biocide-free antifouling coatings possess anti-adhesion properties, which are intended to prevent the attachment of marine organisms. The effectiveness of the prior art biocide-free antifouling coatings, however, is limited, so that mechanical cleaning of the ship's hull or of the underwater construction becomes necessary within relatively short periods of time. More effective are antifouling coating which comprise biocides which kill the infestation-forming organisms. Customary antifouling biocides are organotin compounds. Copper antimony and bismuth compounds have also been proposed, these, however, are less effective. The night part of the prior art biocide-containing antifouling coatings is their low environmental compatibility. Antifouling biocides which contain heavy metals are particularly problematic, since they cause contamination of the sea water and of the sea bed, especially in the area of harbours.
In contradistinction to these biocides which comprise heavy metals, heavy-metal-free biocides, which are generally of lower ecotoxicity, since they can frequently be broken down into non-toxic metabolites in sea water, do not have a good long-term action, since, apparently, the active substance is degraded prematurely while still in the coating.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a highly effective antifouling coating which has good long-term action and improved environmental compatibility.
It has now been found that antifouling coatings with heavy-metal-free biocides exhibit an improved long-term action if the biocide is in microencapsulated form.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention therefore provides antifouling compositions and antifouling coatings based on film-formers and biocides, which are characterized in that the biocides are microencapsulated.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Suitable biocides are preferably heavy-metal-free algicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides and bactericides.
Triazoles:
Azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, dichlobutrazol, diniconazole, hexconazole, metconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, amitrole, azocyclotin, epoxyconazole, bitertanol, difenoconazole, fenbuconazole, fenchlorazole, fenethanil, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, imibenconazole, isozofos, myclobutanil, paclobutrazol, (±)-cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-( 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triapenthenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, uniconazole and their metal salts and acid adducts.
Imidazoles:
Imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole.
Thiazolecarboxanilides, such as 2′,6′-dibromo-2-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-4′-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide and their metal salts and acid adducts.
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, such as:
Fenfuram, furcarbanil, cyclafluramid, furmecyclox, seedvax, metsulfovax, pyrocarbolid, oxycarboxin, Shirlan, mebenil (mepronil), benodanil, flutolanil (Moncut);
Naphthalene derivatives, such as:
Terbinafine, naftifine, butenafine;
Sulphenamides, such as dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, folpet, fluorfolpet; captan, captofol;
Benzimidazoles, such as carbendazim, benomyl, furathiocarb, fuberidazole, thiophonatmethyl, thiabendazole or salts thereof;
Morpholine derivatives, such as tridemorph, fenpropimorph, falimorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph; aldimorph, fenpropidin and their salts with arylsulphonic acids, such as p-toluenesulphonic acid and p-dodecylphenyl-sulphonic acid;
Dithiocarbamates, cufraneb, ferbam, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, thiram zeneb, ziram:
Benzothiazoles, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole;
Benzamides, such as 2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-benzamide;
Boron compounds, such as boric acid, boric esters, borax;
Formaldehyde and formaldehyde donor compounds, such as benzyl alcohol mono-(poly)-hemiformal, oxazolidines, hexa-hydro-S-triazines, N-methylolchloracetamide, paraformadehyde, nitropyrine, oxolic acid, tecloftalam;
Tris-N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-aluminium, N-(cyclo-hexyldiazeniumdioxy)-tributyl, K salts;
N-Methylisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-N-octylisothiazolin-3-one, N-octyl-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-trimethylene-isothiazolinone, 4,5-benzisothiazolinone;
Aldehydes, such as cinnamaldehyde, formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, &bgr;-bromo-cinnamaldehyde; thiocyanates, such as thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole, methylenebisthiocyanate, and the like;
Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride;
Iodine derivatives, such as diiodomethyl p-tolyl sulphone, 3-iodo-2-propinyl alcohol, 4-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargyl formal, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl alcohol, 3-iodo-2-propinyl n-butylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl-n-butylurea, 3-iodo-2-propinyl n-hexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl cyclohexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propinyl phenylcarbamate;
Phenol derivatives, such as tribromophenol, tetrachlorophenol, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol, phenoxyethanol, dichlorophen, o-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol and their alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
Microbicides having an activated halogen group, such as chloroacetamide, N-methylolchloroacetamide, bronopol, bronidox, tectamer such as 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-bromo-4′-hydroxy-acetophenone, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo-propionamide, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, &bgr;-bromo-&bgr;-nitrostyrene;
Pyridines, such as 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (and the Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn salts thereof), tetrachloro-4-methylsulphonylpyridine, pyrimethanol, mepanipyrim, dipyrithione;
Dialkyldithiocarbamates, such as Na salts of dialkyldithiocarbamates, tetramethylthiuram disulphide, potassium N-methyl-dithiocarbamate;
Nitriles, such as 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, disodium cyano-dithioimidocarbamate;
Quinolines, such as 8-hydroxyquinoline and the Cu salts thereof;
Mucochloric acid, 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone;
4,5-Dichlorodithiazolinone, 4,5-benzodithiazolinone, 4,5-trimethylenedithiazolinone, 4,5-dichloro-(3H)-1,2-dithiol-3-one, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione,
N-(2-p-Chlorobenzoylethyl)-hexaminium chloride, potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N′-methyl-dithiocarbamate,
2-Oxo-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)acethydroximic acid chloride,
Phenyl 2-chloro-cyano-vinyl sulphone,
Phenyl 1,2-dichloro-2-cyano-vinyl sulphone.
Furthermore, highly effective compositions are also prepared with the following active substances:
Fungicides:
Methyl (E)-methoximino[&agr;-(o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl]acetate, methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl-oxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate,
Acypetacs, 2-aminobutane, ampropylfos, anilazine, benalaxyl, bupirimate, chinomethionat, chloroneb, chlozolinate, cymoxanil, dazomet, diclomezine, dichloram, diethofencarb, dimethirimol, diocab, dithianon, dodine, drazoxolon, edifenphos, ethirimol, etridiazole, fenarimol, fenitropan, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferimzone, fluazinam, flurormide, flusulfamide, flutriafol, fosetyl, fthalide, furalaxyl, guazatine, hymexazol, iprobenfos, iprodione, isoprothiolane, metalaxyl, methasulfocarb, nitrothal-isopropyl,

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