Antifoulant compositions and methods of treating wood

Details Antifoulant compositions and methods of treating wood Antifoulant compositions and methods of treating wood

1998-04-07

2001-03-27

Krynski, William (Department: 1774)

Stock material or miscellaneous articles

Impregnated naturally solid product

C428S195100, C428S541000, C428S543000, C106S018320, C106S018280

Reexamination Certificate

active

06207290

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention is directed to antifoulant compositions and methods of treating wood with such compositions. More specifically, the present invention is directed towards fresh and sea water antifoulant compositions comprising 10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA) and/or phenarsazine oxide (PZO) with a quaternary ammonium salt.
2. Description of Related Art
Antifoulant compositions containing OBPA or PZO are generally known.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,990,381 and 3,896,753 to Shepherd et al. disclose hydrophilic polymers having encapsulated therein antifouling agents that are applied as a coating to underwater portions of a marine structure. The inorganic and organic antifoulants include cuprous oxide and 10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine.
JP 02-18468 A1 discloses a coating containing 10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine to prevent aquatic organisms and algae from sticking to materials such as fishing nets.
USSR 248,121 (CAS 72:80438y) discloses antifoulant paints consisting of an arsenic compound such as bis(phenoxarsin-10-yl)ether. USSR 248,121 (CAS 81:65344g) discloses antifoulant paints prepared by mixing pigments and phenoxarsine derivatives such as bis(10-phenoxarsyl) oxide.
Chemical Abstract vol. 67:22923p discloses an organotoxic antifouling paint containing phenarsazine derivatives such as phenarsazine oxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,397,385 to Watts discloses an antifouling coating composition that uses capsaicin as an antifouling agent. The antifouling composition can be used in combination with conventional antifouling coatings, paints and binders and applied to wood, metal and plastic surfaces. The antifouling composition may also be added to other materials in molding processes to form various articles of manufacture and molded products, such as boat hulls and water pipes, to resist fouling by organisms common in fresh water and sea water.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,045 to Veech discloses coatings containing lipid soluble, non-toxic biodegradable substances that prevent fouling of marine structures such as boats by shell bearing sea animals, such as barnacles. A preferred inhibitor is pepper containing capsaicin. The inhibitor is incorporated into standard marine paints, impregnants, varnishes and the like.
JP 03 90005 discloses making a rubber composition containing OBPA into a sheet to prevent shellfish from adhering to ships.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,639,464 and 5,635,192 to Terry et al. disclose biocidal protective coatings for heat exchanger coils formed by applying a polymeric composition containing an organic water resistant polymer that has associated with it an effective amount of a biocidal compound to inhibit corrosion, fouling, and biocidal buildup on the coils. The biocidal compounds may be 10,10-oxybisphenarsine.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,705 to Leys et al. discloses a waterproof coating that is virtually ingestion proof by marine life and that may contain denatonium saccharide, synthetic capsaicin and an ultraviolet absorber.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to marine antifoulant compositions comprising 10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA) and/or phenarsazine oxide (PZO) with quaternary ammonium salts. In embodiments, the antifoulant compositions may further comprise fungicides, ultraviolet absorbers, and antioxidants. The compositions can be used, for example, in fresh or sea water antifoulant paints. In addition, the compositions can be used, as solutions or stains, to impregnate wood, for example, bulkheads, piers, docks, foundations, rail ties, posts, pilings, groins, construction timber, and the like.
The compositions according to the present invention exhibit superior and unexpected results with respect to biocidal lifetime as compared to traditional compositions. In addition, the organic arsenic compounds of the present invention are much less toxic to the environment than traditional copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA) based preservatives since they do not leech out. Further, OBPA and PZO are not affected by electrolytic degradation such as the copper, tin and zinc salts in conventional antifoulants. Moreover, the composition according to the present invention are much lighter than conventional antifoulant compositions containing toxic or heavy metal compounds or their salts and oxides.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
According to the present invention, an antifoulant composition comprises OBPA and/or PZO and a quaternary ammonium salt. In embodiments, other organo arsenicals can be used in place of, or in combination with, OBPA and/or PZO, including, but not limited to, arsanilic acid, roxarsone, methyl arsonic acid, mono methyl arsinic acid, mono sodium methyl arsonate (MSMA), and cacodylic acid. The antifoulant compositions contain any effective amount of OBPA and/or PZO. In embodiments the antifoulant compositions contain about 0.5-50 wt. % of an organo arsenical, preferably about 2-25 wt. %, and more preferably about 3-7 wt. % of the composition.
According to the present invention, a quaternary ammonium salt may be added to the antifoulant compositions as a stabilizer and synergizer. The quaternary ammonium salts include, but are not limited to, denatonium saccharide, denatonium chloride, denatonium benzoate, denatonium oleate, palmitate, lidocaine, lidocaine HCl, benzylalkonium salts and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salts are added in an amount of about 0.05-10 wt. %, more preferably about 1-3 wt. % of the composition.
In embodiments, the composition may optionally contain about 0.2 to about 20 wt. % capsaicinates, preferably about 0.5 to about 5 wt. % denatonium capsaicinate. Other compositions are exemplified by U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/929,621, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The antifoulant compositions according to the present invention work exceptionally well as antifoulant additives for fresh and sea water antifoulant paints. Further, if OBPA and/or PZO solutions are soaked or impregnated into wood, the resultant treated wood is as good as conventional CCA (Copper, Chromium and Arsenic) pressure treated wood that is conventionally used for protecting bulk heads, piers, docks, ties, posts, piling, construction timber, and the like. Solvents used to treat or impregnate wood with the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, isodecyl alcohol (IDA), benzyl alcohol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexane diol, chloroform, phentyl alcohol, propylene glycol, 3-phenyl 1-propanol, methylene chloride, nonyl phenol, benzene, triphenyl phosphate, toluene, benzaldehyde, dimethyl formamide, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl cellusolve, methyl cellusolve, dioctyl phthalate. CCA normally comprises 25 wt. % arsenic acid, 25 wt. % chromic acid, 15 wt. % cupric oxide, and water (balance).
One advantage of the antifoulant compositions of the present invention is that OBPA and PZO are organo-arsenicals. Thus, the antifoulants are far less toxic than inorganic arsenic compounds. In addition, the antifoulant, biocidal, insecticidal, and fungicidal compositions of the present inventions, being mostly insoluble, do not leach into the water as much as inorganic arsenicals; therefore, they do not pose as serious an environmental hazard as CCA and other soluble arsenates and arsenites. In fact, certain aquatic organisms actually contain large quantities of organically bound arsenic that humans ingest with no ill effects. OBPA is only water soluble up to about 5 ppm in fresh water, and is less soluble in sea water.
Another advantage of the antifoulant compositions of the present invention is that, unlike conventional antifoulants (e.g., copper oxide, tributyl tins, zinc pyrithione, copper omadine, and the like), OBPA and PZO are not affected by the electrolytic degradation of copper, tin and zinc. Apparatuses that are most susceptible to galvanic action include rudders, propellers, shafts, stem frames, depth finders, outdrives, transmissions, buoys, and the like. Therefore, in embodiments, the antifoulant compositions of the

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