Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-17
2002-04-09
Cook, Rebecca (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C424S114000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06369050
ABSTRACT:
This is a 371 of PCT/JP 99/01924 filed Apr. 9, 1999.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to an antimicrobial agent which comprises a penicillin antibiotic, in particular amoxicillin, and a cephem antibiotic, in particular cefixime or cefdinir, and which is suited for use in the prevention or treatment of respiratory infections and mixed respiratory infections. The invention is utilized in the field of medicine.
BACKGROUND ART
Cefixime (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “CFIX”) and cefdinir (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “CFDN”) are oral cephem antibiotics, show a broad antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negataive bacteria, and are in wide use. However, they are not very effective against the penicillin G-resistant pneumococcus belonging to the genus Streptococcus (
Streptococcus pneumoniae
).
On the other hand, amoxicillin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “AMPC”) is a synthetic oral penicillin, which is relatively effective against the above-mentioned pneumococcus but not so effective against gram-negative bacteria, in particular bacteria belonging to the genus Moraxella, Haemophilus or Klebsiella.
It is known that the combined use of CFIX and AMPC shows a synergistic effect against penicillin G-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and that said combined use is effective against mixed infection with penicillin G-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Haemophilus influenzae
[J. Drug Dev., 1993, 6 (Suppl. 1), 5-9].
Furthermore, it is also known that the combined use of CFDN and AMPC shows a synergistic effect against enterococcal infections (Japanese Kokai Tokkyo Koho H04-29930).
Bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus, Moraxella, Haemophilus or Klebsiella, for example
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, are main factors causative of respiratory infections. In some cases, patients are infected with only one of these bacteria and, in other cases, mixedly infected with two or more of these bacteria.
Mixed infections caused by these bacteria require urgent treatment. Since, however, a complicated procedure is required for the identification of causative bacteria, one drug having a broad antibacterial spectrum is administered prior to the identification of causative bacteria. However, among oral drugs, no one is sufficiently effective upon single drug administration. In cases where the effect is unsatisfactory, another drug is further administered in many cases after the lapse of a certain period of time.
However, by such conventional methods, it is difficult to obtain a complete cure at a stage where the symptoms of a respiratory infection are not so severe yet, so that aggravation of symptoms may result in some cases, making administration of an injection or hospitalization necessary and increasing the drug and medical expenses.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The inventors of this invention found that the combined use of a penicillin antibiotic, in particular AMPC, and a cephem antibiotic, in particular CFIX or CFDN, shows a synergistic effect against not only single infections but also mixed infections with the bacteria mentioned above and said combined use provides an antimicrobial agent useful in the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections with one bacterial species and of mixed respiratory infections with a plurality of bacteria.
REFERENCES:
patent: 50-052219 (1975-05-01), None
patent: 52-064432 (1977-05-01), None
CA112:115608, Mine et al, Chemotherapy, 37 (Suppl. 2), 100-21, 1989, abstract.*
CA112:111596, Mine et al, Chemotherapy, 37 (Suppl. 2), 145-53, 1989, abstract.*
Y. Matsumoto, Chemotherapy, vol. 44, pp. 6-9, “Combination Cefixime/Amoxicillin Against Penicillin-ResistantStreptocococcus PneumoniaeInfection,” Sep. 1998.
Y. Yokota, et al., J. Drug Dev., vol. 6, pp. 5-9, “Antibacterial Activity of Cefixime in Combination with Other Antimocrobial Agents Against Penicillin-G-ResistantStreptococcus Pneumoniae,” 1993.
B. Cassinat, et al., Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vo. 34, pp. 785-790, “Comparison of Antibiotic Combinations Against Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci,” 1994.
W. H. Traub, et al., Chemotherapy, vol. 43, pp. 159-167, “Susceptibility of Moraxella Catarrhalis To 21 Antimicrobial Drugs: Validity of Current NCCLS Criteria for the Interpretation of Agar Disk Diffusion Antibiograms,” 1997.
A. L. Barry, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., vol. 11, pp. 867-869, “In Vitro potency of Nine Orally Administered Antimicrobial Agents Against Three Respiratory Tract Pathogens,” 1992.
R. N. Jones, et al., Diagn Microbiol. Infect. Dis., vol. 31, pp. 373-376, “Combinations of Orally Administered &bgr;-Lactams to Maximize Spectrum and Activity Against Drug-Resistant Respiratory Tract Pathogens: I. Synergy Studies of Amoxicillin and Cefixime WithStreptococcus Pneumoniae,” 1998.
Harimoto Takashi
Matsumoto Yoshimi
Nishio Hitoshi
Sekiyama Ryoji
Tawara Shuichi
Cook Rebecca
Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
Oblon & Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt P.C.
LandOfFree
Antibacterial agents does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Antibacterial agents, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Antibacterial agents will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2921663