Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Patent
1992-07-30
1997-03-04
Dodson, Shelley A.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
424 50, 424 65, 424400, 424401, A01N 2500
Patent
active
056076819
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to anti-microbial compositions comprising iodide and thiocyanate anions, an oxidoreductase enzyme, namely glucose oxidase, and its corresponding oxidisable substrate, D-glucose. Such compositions may advantageously further comprise a peroxidase such as lactoperoxidase. The compositions have excellent anti-microbial properties effective against bacteria, yeasts and moulds.
It is known that iodide anions and thiocyanate anions may be oxidised in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) to generate oxidation products which are effective bacterial inhibitors. These oxidation reactions may be catalysed by peroxidases such as lactoperoxidase and antibacterial systems containing lactoperoxidase are known. H.sub.2 O.sub.2 may suitably be provided by a peroxide donor such as sodium percarbonate or may be produced in situ by an oxido-reductase enzyme such as glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose, water and oxygen. Conventional systems based on the oxidation of iodide or thiocyanate anions by H.sub.2 O.sub.2 are known to provide compositions having short-term bactericidal activity suitable for use as disinfectants e.g. for skin or contact lens sterilisation, milk preservation, or as dental hygiene agents.
EP-A-0307376 (EWOS AG) discloses a short-term microbicidal composition comprising iodide and lactoperoxidase and/or horseradish peroxidase, together with a hydrogen peroxide donor. Optionally, the peroxide donor may be the combination of glucose and glucose peroxidase, but it may also be inter alia magnesium peroxide or carbamide peroxide. When glucose oxidase is included it is present at levels of no more than about 100 U/l. The compositions are only shown to be effective against bacteria and are stated to be active for about 24 hours in open air.
However, the importance of the relative proportions of the components of such systems has not hitherto been fully appreciated and accordingly it has not been possible to develop an oxidation system which provides sustained broad spectrum activity against bacteria, yeasts and moulds.
The applicant has now found that the concentration and relative ratio of such components, in particular of iodide and thiocyanate anions, substantially influences the anti-microbial specificity of such systems. Careful selection of the amounts and relative proportions of each essential component provides anti-microbial compositions having advantageous properties.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions which comprise iodide anions and thiocyanate anions in a weight:weight ratio within the range 0.1:1 to 50:1 and having a combined anion weight concentration of at least 5 mg/kg, D-glucose in a weight concentration of at least 0.2 g/kg, and an effective amount of the oxidoreductase enzyme glucose oxidase. The compositions contain at least 150 U/kg glucose exidase although lower concentrations, for example of 25 U/kg glucose oxidase may be acceptable in compositions which further comprise at least one antioxidant as detailed hereinafter.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the anti-microbial compositions further comprise a peroxidase such as, for example, lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase or horseradish peroxidase. Particularly preferred compositions according to the invention comprise at least 10 U/kg lactoperoxidase.
All units (U) of enzyme activity referred to herein relate to International Units of activity defined as the amount of enzyme required to catalyse the transformation of 1.0 micromole of substrate per minute at 25.degree. C. under optimal conditions. All concentrations referred to herein relate to amounts per kilogram of the total composition.
The term "anti-microbial composition" as used herein embraces compositions having biocidal and/or biostatic activity against various types of micro-organisms, for example gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, moulds such as Aspergillus niger a
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Galley Edward
Godfrey Dene C.
Guthrie Walter G.
Hodgkinson Darren M.
Linnington Helen L.
Dodson Shelley A.
The Boots Company PLC
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