Anti-fouling coating compositions

Details Anti-fouling coating compositions Anti-fouling coating compositions

1992-07-31

1994-04-12

Green, Anthony

Compositions: coating or plastic

Coating or plastic compositions

Contains fireproofing or biocidal agent

106 1505, 106 1834, 424 7809, 523122, 514494, 514499, 514642, 514665, 524159, 562104, C09D 514, C09D 516

Patent

active

053021924

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention is concerned with anti-fouling coating compositions. Anti-fouling coatings are used on surfaces likely to come into contact with marine fouling organisms such as algae, seaweed and barnacles, for example on ships or boats or on the outfalls for water from power stations. Such coating compositions generally comprise a biocide for marine organisms and a binder polymer.
The most successful anti-fouling paints in recent years have been self-polishing anti-fouling paints using binders which are hydrolysable polymers containing pendant side groups which are liberated from the polymer by reaction with seawater, the residual polymer being sufficiently dispersible or soluble in seawater to be swept away from the paint surface, exposing a fresh layer of the binder able to undergo a similar reaction with seawater. Such paints are described for example in British Patent 1,457,590. The well-known benefits of such self-polishing paints are that the paint film tends to at least retain its initial smoothness and that the biocide contained in the paint is delivered from the surface at a more uniform or constant rate.
The only commercially significant self-polishing paints employ binders which contain triorganotin ester groups. The triorganotin provides some of the biocidal action of the paint and the triorganotin ester readily undergoes the hydrolysis on which the self-polishing action is dependent. The biocidal activity can be augmented by other anti-fouling substances dispersed or dissolved in the paint film. There may be advantages in using other hydrolysable groups, which are not necessarily biocidal, in place of triorganotin, both for cost reasons and because the powerful biocidal effects of triorganotin may not be desired. There has been concern about the environmental effect of triorganotin biocides released from yachts in particular.
International Patent Application WO84/02915 discloses an anti-fouling paint having a hydrolysable film-forming water-insoluble seawater-erodible polymeric binder having recurring groups represented by the formula ##STR1## where X is hydrogen or methyl and R is a substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or triorganosilyl moiety and B is the residue of an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer. WO84/02915 describes a wide range of groups R, such as benzyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkyl and trialkylsilyl groups. Other self-polishing copolymer paints which release non-biocidal moieties are described in EP-B-69559 and EP-A-232006.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,797 describes new quaternary ammonium salts of polyacrylates to prevent accumulation or attachment of marine organisms on ships' hulls.
GB Patent 1,482,252 describes polymers made by polymerising amine salts or quaternary ammonium salts of acrylamidoalkane sulphinic acids. The polymers are useful in rust-preventive coatings, dispersants and viscosity modifiers.
An anti-fouling coating composition according to the invention comprises a marine biocide and a binder which is a hydrolysable film-forming seawater-erodible polymer, characterised in that the polymer contains sulphonic acid groups in quaternary ammonium salt form.
The polymer used as binder is preferably prepared by reaction of a polymer containing sulphonic acid or salt groups with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide or salt. The polymer used as binder can alternatively be prepared by polymerisation of a quaternary ammonium salt of an ethylenically unsaturated sulphonic acid. As a further possibility, the quaternary ammonium moiety may be introduced by reaction of a sulphonate ester, for example, a methyl ester, with a tertiary amine. The sulphonate ester may be in monomeric or polymeric form. If the ester is in monomeric form, the resulting quaternary ammonium sulphonate monomer is then polymerised to form a polymeric binder for use according to the invention.
The binder polymer is preferably a linear addition copolymer containing the sulphonic acid salt functionality in groups pendant to the polymer backbone.
Examples of monomers which can be used in preparing a sulphonic acid functional cop

REFERENCES:
patent: 3281452 (1966-10-01), Kapar
patent: 3288555 (1966-11-01), Napier et al.
patent: 4818797 (1989-04-01), Tsuda
patent: 4904742 (1990-02-01), Perichaud et al.

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