Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – Microstrip
Patent
1996-04-29
1998-06-02
Hajec, Donald T.
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
Microstrip
343713, 29600, H01Q 132, H01Q 138
Patent
active
057607443
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention deals with an antenna pane composed of an antenna element and a counter-electrode connected to earth. The antenna element is situated on the face towards the outside of the first flat dielectric, within the pane, while the counter-electrode is situated on the opposite face of this first dielectric. A second dielectric, having a dielectric constant (or permittivity) less than that of glass, is disposed between the antenna element and the outer face of the antenna pane.
2. Discussion of Background
This type of antenna is suitable for the transmission or reception of radio waves in the microwave range, with frequencies greater than 300 MHZ. They may be used as fixed antennas or for vehicles, in particular for radio-telephone communication s of the digital network, for digital radio communications by satellite, or as receiving antenna for remote detection systems by satellite, such as the GPS (Global Position System), which enables the position of a vehicle to be localized, wherever it may be. So that they may function correctly, it is necessary to limit their activity to a narrow frequency band and regulate them with great accuracy. They must also be able to maintain this capacity when the environment is a source of parasitic emissions. This is why it is appropriate to keep them clean and also to protect them from external perturbation or attentuation factors.
According to one type of antenna described in patent DE 38 34 075 A1, a second dielectric is disposed between the antenna element and the outer face of the panel, in order to reduce the influences of the environment upon the antenna element.
In the case of an antenna pane of this type, it is possible for the second dielectric to be made of different materials. According to a first example this is the polyvinyl butyral that serves for connecting together the different sheets of a laminated pane, which fulfils the function of second dielectric. In another example the second dielectric will be a plate of plastic material having an extended surface, which is placed on the antenna element. That document mentions also an example for which the second dielectric would occupy a recessed region of the external glass sheet of a laminated pane. For all the examples referred to, the antenna pane is brought in to direct mechanical contact, over its entire outwardly facing area, with a solid component made from the second dielectric material.
This well known type of antenna structure still has a certain vulnerability to the influences of the environment and can be perturbed, in particular, when the glass sheet is wetted by rain water or atmospheric humidity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention has as its objective to create an improved version of an antenna pane of the type mentioned, the resonance frequency of which would be still less altered by the humidity present on the panel, and thus to achieve a good degree of efficiency and high attentuation of the adjacent channels for antennas of narrow frequency band.
This objective is achieved according to the invention by an antenna pane, in which the antenna element is separated form the inwardly orientated face of a glass sheet forming the antenna pane by a larger of air forming a second dielectric.
The invention therefore provides that the antenna pane shall be constructed in such a manner that a layer of air is situated between the external glass sheet and the antenna element.
Thus, the antenna element is still more effectively isolated from the humidity with which the outer side of the glass sheet is in contact, and which is a source of particularly strong perturbation, as well as from deposits which can cause an attenuation.
The antenna element can equally well be placed, according to this invention, on a monolithic pane as on a laminated pane.
One appropriate realization of an antenna pane according to the invention made of a laminated pane comprising at least two glass sheets joined together by a thermoplastic sheet, has as its special fe
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patent: 3987449 (1976-10-01), DeAngelis et al.
patent: 4401988 (1983-08-01), Kaloi
patent: 4415900 (1983-11-01), Kaloi
patent: 4633262 (1986-12-01), Traut
patent: 5097270 (1992-03-01), Lindenmeier
patent: 5307076 (1994-04-01), Murakami
patent: 5382959 (1995-01-01), Pett et al.
patent: 5448250 (1995-09-01), Day
patent: 5528314 (1996-06-01), Nagy et al.
patent: 5534879 (1996-07-01), Braun et al.
Hajec Donald T.
Ho Tan
Saint-Gobain Vitrage
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