Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Reexamination Certificate
2002-05-22
2004-08-24
Navarro, Mark (Department: 1645)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
C424S265100, C424S269100, C424S272100, C424S273100, C435S440000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06780415
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns an animal model for human and non-human diseases caused by Apicomplexan parasites including but not limited to
Sarcocystis neurona, Sarcocystis dasypus
(syn
S. neurona
),
Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis falcatula,
Sarcocystis sp.,
Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, N. hughesi
, Eimeria and Plasmodium.
PRIOR ART
The following is a list of prior art references considered to be pertinent for the subsequent description:
1. Dubey J. P., Davis S. W., Speer C. A., Bowman D. D., de Lahunta A., Granstrom D. E., Topper M. J., Hamir A. N., Cummings J. F., and Suter M. M. 1991
. Sarcocystis Neurona
N. SP. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa), The etiologic Agent of Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis.
J. Parasitol
., 77(2): 212-218.
2. Blythe, L. L., Granstrom, D. E., Hansen, D. E., Walker, L. L., Bartlett, J., and Stamper, S. 1997. Seroprevalence of antibodies to
Sarcocystis neurona
in horses residing in Oregon.
JAVMA
, 210(4): 525-528.
3. Bentz, B. G., Granstrom, D. E., Stamper, S. 1997. Seroprevalence of antibodies to
Sarcocystis neurona
in horses residing in a county of southeastern Pennsylvania.
JAVMA
, 210(4): 517-518.
4. Saville, W. J., Reed , S. M., Granstrom, D. E., Hinchcliff, K. W., Kohn, C. W., Wittum, T. E., and Stamper, S. 1997. Seroprevalence of antibodies to
Sarcocystis neurona
in horses residing in Ohio.
JAVMA
, 210(4): 519-523.
5. Gray L. C., Magdesian, K. G., Sturges, B. K., Madigan, J. E. 2001. Suspected protozoal myeloencephalitis in a two-month-old colt. Vet Rec. 2001 September 1; 149(9):269-73.
6. MacKay, R. J. 1997. Serum antibodies to
Sarcocystis neurona
—half the horses in the United States have them!
JAVMA
, 210(4): 482-483.
7. Dubey, A. P. 1976. A review of Sarcocystis of Domestic Animals.
JAVMA
, 169 (10):1061-1078.
8. Dubey, J. P., 1986. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in a pony.
JAVMA
, 188:1311-1312.
9. Granstrom, D. E, Saville, W. J. 1998. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis In: S. M. Reed and W. M. Bailey, eds.
Equine Internal Medicine
. Philadelphia, Pa.: WB Saunders Company, 486-491.
10. Fenger, C. K., Granstrom, D. E., Gajadhar, A. A., Williams, N. M., McCrillis, S. A., Stamper, S., Langemeier, J. L., Dubey, J. P. 1997. Experimental induction of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses using Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts from the opossum (
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11. O'Donoghue, P., Lumb, R., Smith, P., Brooker, J., Mencke, N. 1990. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against ovine Sarcocystis spp. antigens by immunoblotting and immuno-electron microscopy.
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12. Marsh, A. E., Barr, B. C., Tell, L., Koski, M., Greiner, E., Dame, J. and Conrad, P. A. 1997. In vitro cultivation and experimental inoculation of
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and
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).
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13. Dubey J R, Rosypal A C, Rosenthal B M, Thomas N J, Lindsay D S, Stanek J F, Reed S M Saville W J. 2001
. Sarcocystis neurona
infections in sea otter (
Enhydra lutris
): evidence for natural infections with sarcocysts and transmission of infection to opossums (
Didelphis virginiana
). J Parasitol December; 87(6):1387-93.
14. Rosypal A C, Lindsay D S, Duncan R, Ansar Ahmed S, Zajac A M, Dubey J P. 2002 Mice lacking the gene for inducible or endothelial nitric oxide are resistant to sporocyst induced
Sarcocystis neurona
infections. Vet Parasitol February 4;103(4):315-21.
15. Dubey J R, Rosypal A C, Rosenthal B M, Thomas N J, Lindsay D S, Stanek J F, Reed S M, Saville W J. 2001
. Sarcocystis neurona
infections in sea otter (
Enhydra lutris
): evidence for natural infections with sarcocysts and transmission of infection to opossums (
Didelphis virginiana
). J Parasitol December; 87(6):1387-93
16. Rosypal A C, Lindsay D S, Duncan R, Ansar Ahmed S, Zajac A M, Dubey J P. 2002 Mice lacking the gene for inducible or endothelial nitric oxide are resistant to sporocyst induced
Sarcocystis neurona
infections. Vet Parasitol February 4;103(4):315-21
17. Cheadle M A, Ginn P E, Lindsay D S, Greiner E C. 2002. Neurologic disease in gamma-interferon gene knockout mice caused by
Sarcocystis neurona
sporocysts collected from opossums fed armadillo muscle. Vet Parasitol January 3;103(1-2):65-9
18. Dubey J P, Lindsay D S, Kwok O C, Shen S K. 2001. The gamma interferon knockout mouse model for
sarcocystis neurona
: comparison of infectivity of sporocysts and merozoites and routes of inoculation. J Parasitol October; 87(5):1171-3
19. Lindsay D S, Dubey J P. 2001. Determination of the activity of pyrantel tartrate against
Sarcocystis neurona
in gamma-interferon gene knockout mice. Vet Parasitol May 22;97(2):141-4
20. Dubey J P. 2001. Migration and development of
Sarcocystis neurona
in tissues of interferon gamma knockout mice fed sporocysts from a naturally infected opossum. Vet Parasitol February 26;95(2-4):341-51
21. Speer C A, Dubey J P. 2001. Ultrastructure of schizonts and merozoites of
Sarcocystis neurona
. Vet Parasitol February 26;95(2-4):263-71
22. Cheadle M A, Tanhauser S M, Scase T J, Dame J B, Mackay R J, Ginn P E, Greiner E C. 2001. Viability of
Sarcocystis neurona
sporocysts and dose titration in gamma-interferon knockout mice. Vet Parasitol February 26;95(2-4):223-31
23. Dubey J P, Mattson D E, Speer C A, Hamir A N, Lindsay D S, Rosenthal B M, Kwok O C, Baker R J, Mulrooney D M, Tornquist S J, Gerros T C. 2001. Characteristics of a recent isolate of
Sarcocystis neurona
(SN7) from a horse and loss of pathogenicity of isolates SN6 and SN7 by passages in cell culture. Vet Parasitol February 26;95(2-4):155-66
24. Tenter , A. M., Johnson, M. R., Zimmerman, G. L. 1989. Differentiation of Sarcocyst species in European sheep by isoelectric focusing.
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. 76(2):107-114.
25. Sommer, I., Horn, K., Heydorn, A. O., Mehlhorn, H., Ruger, W. 1992. Acomparison of sporozoite and cyst merozoite surface proteins of Sarcocystis.
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., 78:398-403.
26. Dubey, J. P., Kistner, T. P., and Callis, G. 1983. Development of Sarcocystis in mule deer transmitted through dogs and coyotes.
Can. J. Zool
., 61:2904-2912.
27. O'Donoghue, P. J. and Ford, G. E. 1984. The asexual pre-cyst development of
Sarcocystis tenella
in experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free lambs.
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28. Speer, C. A. and Dubey, J. P. 1981. An ultrastructural study of first and second generation merogony in the coccidian
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31. Ellison, S. P., Omara-Opyeme, A. L., Yowell, Yowell, C. A., Marsh, A. E., Dame, J. B. 2002
. Molecular characterization of a major
29
kDa surface antigen of Sarcocystis neurona
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32. Dubey, J. P., and Lindsay D. S. 1998. Isolation in immunodeficient mice of
Sarcocystis neurona
from opossum (
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) feces and its differentiation from
Sarcocystis falcatula
. International Journal for Parasitology. 28:1823-8.
33. NAHMS. 2001. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) in the U.S. USDA:APHIS:VS, CEAH, National Animal Health Monitoring System. Fort Collins, Colo. #N312.0501.
34. Lindsay D S, Dykstra C C, Williams A, Spencer J A, Lenz S D, Palma K, Dubey J P, Blagburn B L. 2000 Inoculation of
Sarcocystis neurona
merozoites into the central nervous system of horses. Vet Parasitol. September 20;92(2): 157-63.
35. Ellison, S. P., Greiner, E., Dame, J. B. 2000. In vitro culture and synchronous release of
Sarcocystis neurona
merozoites from host cells. Vet. Parasitol. 1982: 1-11.
36. Speer, C. A., Dubey, J. P. 2001. Ultrastructure of schizonts and merozoites of
Sarcocystis neurona
. Vet Parasitol. 95: 263-271.
37. Dubey, J. P., Mattson, D. E., Speer, C. A
Allen Dyer Doppelt Milbrath & Gilchrist, P.A.
Navarro Mark
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