Animal feeds

Details Animal feeds Animal feeds

1995-11-30

1998-06-02

Feisee, Lila

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

Bacteria or actinomycetales

424439, 424442, 424 946, A23J 116, A23K 1165, A23K 700

Patent

active

057595372

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is concerned with animal feeds.
Chemical additives to animal feedstuffs have been used for some time as growth promoters or "feed enhancers". Previously this has generally involved the use of synthetically manufactured microbial antibiotics and, in particular, ionophore antibiotics such as Monensin and Avoparcin.
We have now developed non-hormonal, naturally occurring animal feedstuff additives which have growth promoting properties when fed to animals.
According to the present invention there is provided an animal feed comprising an animal feedstuff containing a minor amount of lipophilic, active ingredient comprising at least one phospholipid, which ingredient on introduction into the rumen or stomach of an animal can be incorporated into a rumen or stomach cell membrane so as to increase the porosity of said membrane.
Typically the animal feedstuff additive is in the form of powder incorporated into a feed, capsules or licks; alternatively it may be dissolved in the animal's drinking water.
The active ingredient is preferably in substantially pure form (the words "substantially pure", as used herein serve to distinguish the ingredient from its natural analogue in that the former has been isolated from its natural environment and further processed so as to be suitable for inclusion into the animal feed).
Typically the animal feedstuff is silage, hay, grass, feed concentrates or the like and the active ingredient is preferably included in the animal feed at a level of about 1 to 100 mg/kg of the feedstuff. The quantity of ingredient present in the feed largely depends on the nature of the actual feedstuff used (e.g. for silage or feed concentrates the amount is typically 30 mg/kg dry weight of feedstuff). The additive may be combined with an inert carrier (such as talc) so as to facilitate handling thereof.
There is further provided by the present invention a method of feeding animals which method comprises providing said animals with an animal feed containing a substantially pure, lipophilic, active ingredient as hereinbefore described, such that said additive is introduced into the rumen or stomach of said animal so as to increase the porosity of rumen or stomach cell membranes of said animal.
The ingredient is particularly useful as a growth promoter (as it allows an increase in the uptake of nutrients including essential amino acids and proteins) due to its effect on the membranes found in bacterial cells in the animal gut and on the cells that constitute the lining of the gut itself. The ingredient is generally administered to cattle where it has further been found to increase the production and also the protein content of milk from these animals. The ingredient is not however limited to use with cattle and is also used with other farm livestock such as sheep, goats, swine and poultry.
Preferably the active ingredient comprises one or more isomers of a monoacyl phospholipid, typically of the following general formula: ##STR1## where R is a nitrogenous base or polyol residue, and R' is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid chain.
A particularly preferred phospholipid is plasmologen lysophosphatidyl choline; other preferred phospholipids include lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylinositols, lysophosphatidylserines and lysophosphatidic acids. It is of course envisaged that other phospholipid analogues capable of being incorporated into rumen or stomach cell membranes may be used.
The phospholipids present in the feeds according to the present invention are often produced in the pancreas of some animals (including cattle) in small amounts. However, to be effective in increasing the porosity of the cell membranes of the rumen or stomach, the phospholipids are included in the feed according to the present invention at an artificial level over and above that normally existent in the animal.
Alternatively, a substrate which can be converted by enzymic action into the above-mentioned active ingredient may be included in the animal feed. Typically, the substrate is converted i

REFERENCES:
patent: 3117866 (1964-01-01), Golub et al.
Chemical Abstracts, 102(1985) Apr., No. 15, Columbus, Ohio, p. 519.
Jones et al., J. of Animal Science (U.S.), 1992, vol. 70, No. 11, pp. 3473-3482.
Pernas et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1990, vol. 168, No. 2, pp. 664-650.
Van Nieuwenhuyzen, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, vol. 58 (1981) Oct., No. 10, pp. 886-888.
Palmquist et al., J. Dairy Science, 1980, vol. 63, pp. 1-14.

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