Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Conjugate or complex
Patent
1998-01-22
1999-12-28
Lee, Howard C.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Conjugate or complex
426635, 514783, 514 25, 536 41, A61K 3578
Patent
active
060078227
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of preventing animal diseases and promoting animal growth and development. In particular, the method of the present invention comprises extracting bioactive ingredients from oil plants and adding them into feed and food as a feed additive and nutrient, respectively, to improve the immune function of animals and to promote the growth and developement of animals.
BACKGROUND ART
Plants belonging to Camellia L. are very popular in China, Japan, India and many other South-East Asian countries. Among of them, plants from three species C. sinensis, C. oleifera and C. japonica, are of significant economic value. For example, leaves of C. sinensis plants can be used to produce tea and seeds of C. oleifera plants can be used to produce edible oil, while C. japonica plants are useful as ornamental plants.
With the development of the modern feed industry, a number of antibiotics have been used as feed additive to prevent animal diseases and to promote animal growth. In 1990, while about 2000 tons of antibiotics were used as feed additives in China, about 1350 tons and 1300 tons of antibiotics were used in West Europe and Japan, respectively, in poultry and livestock feed. Recently, sale value of antibiotics reached US $1.019 billions in the USA and utilization of antibiotics is increasing by 3% annually world wide. Long-term utilization of antibiotics, however, can result in drug-resistance of microbes which will create world-wide environment pollution via R-factor translocation, and residual problem in animal products which will be a that to human health. The WHO (World Health Organization) and the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations) are taking great consideration about research on alternatives of antibiotics as feed additives. Currently, research and development on natural material as a feed additive has made a great deal of progress. For example, feed microbes and traditional Chinese medicines have been used extensively. However, feed microbes are prone to becoming inactive during feed processing and can only replace antibiotics partially. Traditional Chinese medicine additives can not be used extensively, due to their sophistication in composition and instability in function. Therefore, there is a necessity to (1) use natural bioactive ingredients as feed additive to replace antibiotics, (2) exclude the residue of antibiotics residue in animal products, (3) improve product quality, and (4) alleviate environmental pollution.
S. Aoyama first separated thea saponin from tea seed cake in 1931. (Journal of Pharmacology, 51(5): 367, 1931). However he did not obtained this pure chemical. In 1952, M. Ishidate and Y. Ueda of Tokyo University obtained the pure crystals of thea saponin. (Ishidate, M. and Ueda, Y., Journal of Pharmacology, 72 (11): 1525, 1952.). From the 1970's, a series of studies on separation, characterization and utilization of thea saponin were conducted in major tea-producing countries. Many extracting methods and products had been developed during this period.
It is now clear that saponin obtained from Camellia L. belongs to triterpenoid compounds. It is a group of complicated compounds composed of aglycone (C.sub.30 H.sub.50 O.sub.6), sugars and organic acids. The chemical structures of saponin obtained from Camellia L. have been disclosed in many references. For example, in I. Yoshioka et al., Chemical Pharmacology Bulletin (Tokyo) 1970, 18. 1610; Yoshioka, et al., Thea sapogenol A., The Major Sapogenol of the Seeds Saponin of Thea"; Sinensis L., Tetrahedron Letters, 1966 (48): 5979-5984, 5973-5978; and I. Yoshioka, et al., Saponin and Sapogenol III Seeds Sapogenols of Thea Sinensis L (3), Thea Sapogenol E and Minor Sapogenols, Chem. Phar. Bull. 1971, 19 (6) 1186-1199.
Development in thea saponin research offers great opportunity for complete utilization of by-products of tea seed and tea leaves. In 1972, G. R. Roberts and his colleague (G. R. Roberts et al., Tea QUARTERLY 43 (3), 1972) from Sri Lanka improved thea sapo
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Lee Howard C.
Zhejian Agricultural University
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