Chemistry of inorganic compounds – Modifying or removing component of normally gaseous mixture
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-10
2002-01-29
Griffin, Steven P. (Department: 1754)
Chemistry of inorganic compounds
Modifying or removing component of normally gaseous mixture
C502S239000, C502S241000, C502S242000, C502S244000, C502S247000, C502S324000, C502S331000, C502S336000, C502S338000, C502S342000, C502S345000, C502S346000, C502S349000, C502S350000, C502S351000, C502S353000, C502S354000, C502S355000, C502S400000, C502S406000, C502S408000, C502S414000, C502S439000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06342191
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to enhanced adsorbent particles, particularly particles that have been adsorbent enhanced by contacting with acid. This invention also relates generally to an adsorbent and/or catalyst particle that has improved adsorbent properties and/or improved or newly existing catalytic properties by the use of the particle in combination with a particular binder to produce a particle/binder system. The binder can either cross-link to the particle, cross-link to itself and envelope the particle or both. This invention also relates to a binder/adsorbent and/or catalyst system that can be used as an anchored catalyst system.
BACKGROUND ART
Oxides of metals and certain non-metals are known to be useful for removing constituents from a gas or liquid stream by adsorbent mechanisms. For example, the use of activated alumina is considered to be an economical method for treating water for the removal of a variety of pollutants, gasses, and some liquids. Its highly porous structure allows for preferential adsorptive capacity for-moisture and contaminants contained in gasses and some liquids. It is useful as a desiccant for gasses and vapors in the petroleum industry, and has also been used as a catalyst or catalyst-carrier, in chromatography and in water purification. Removal of contaminants such as phosphates by activated alumina are known in the art. See, for example, Yee, W., “Selective Removal of Mixed Phosphates by Activated Alumina,”
J. Amer. Waterworks Assoc., Vol.
58, pp. 239-247 (1966).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,735 to Liu et al. discloses an activated carbon/alumina composite and a process for producing the composite. The composite is prepared by blending powders of each of the activated carbon and activated alumina constituents. After the blend is thoroughly mixed, an aqueous solution is added to permit the activated alumina to rehydratably bond to the carbon particles. The amount of water added does not exceed that which prevents the mix from being extruded or agglomerated. After the water is added, the mix is subjected to a shaping or a forming process using extrusion, agglomeration, or pelletization to form a green body. The green body is then heated to a temperature of 25-100° C. or higher. The composite may be strengthened by peptizing by adding nitric acid to the mixture. It is disclosed that the alumina can serve as the binder as well as the absorbent. This patent does not use a calcined alumina. Liu et al discloses an amorphous alumina trihydrate powder, such as CP2 obtained from Alcoa and an amorphous alumina trihydrate powder such as CP-1 or CP-7, which are recited in U.S. Pat. No. 4,579,839, incorporated by reference in Liu et al. Liu et al.'s use of the term active refers to the surface water being dried and does not refer to a calcined particle. Liu et al. uses acid to strengthen the particle and not to enhance its adsorbent properties. Liu et al. uses an alumina precursor, which is an absorbent and not an adsorbent.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,134 to Pullen discloses a composition having adsorption and catalytic properties. Example 2 discloses an alumina hydrate formed by partially dehydrating alpha-alumina trihydrate in a rotary dryer by counter-current flow with a heated gas and an inlet temperature of about 1200° F. and an outlet temperature of about 300° F. The resulting product was washed with 5% sulfuric acid, rinsed with water and dried to about 2% free water content. Solid sucrose was mixed with the hydrate and the mixture heated. Example 4 discloses that the procedure of Example 2 was repeated except that calcined alumina was used. The product was unsuitable when calcined alumina was used. Thus, the acid washed product of Example 2 was not a calcined alumina.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,072 to Bedford et al. discloses a ceramic alumina that can be treated with very dilute acid to neutralize the free alkaline metal, principally Na
2
O, to enable impregnation with catalytic material to a controlled depth of from at least 90 to about 250 microns. This patent does not use a crystallized aluminum oxide that has been calcined in accordance with the instant invention. This patent calcines the particle at a temperature of from about 1700° F. to about 1860° F. (927° C. to 1016° C.) to form a ceramic material, specifically what is referred to herein as an alpha alumina.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,879 to Abe et al. discloses that activated carbon materials, which have been subjected to carbonization and activation treatments, and then further subjected to an acid treatment and a heat treatment, have a high catalytic activity and are suitable as catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazines or other water pollutants such as organic acids, quaternary ammonium-salts, and sulfur-containing compounds. Acid is used to remove impurities and not to enhance the adsorbent features. This patent also does not utilize a particle of the instant invention.
Adsorbent particles of the prior art have not achieved the ability to remove particular contaminants from a liquid or gas stream, such as, for example, a waste stream or drinking water, to acceptably low levels. Additionally, the adsorbent particles of the prior art have not been able to bind tightly to particular contaminants so that the adsorbent particle/contaminant composition can be safely disposed of in a landfill. Thus, there has been a need in the art for adsorbents that have improved ability to adsorb particular materials, particularly contaminants from a gas or liquid stream, to thereby purify the stream. There has been a need in the art for the adsorbent particles to tightly bind to the adsorbed contaminant. Applicants have discovered that acid enhanced particle solves the above problems in the art.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,422,323 to Banerjee el al. discloses the preparation of a pumpable refractory insulator composition. The composition consists of the combination of a wet component of colloidal silica (40%) in water, and a dry component consisting of standard refractory material. Examples of refractory material include clay, kaolinite, mullite, alumina and alumina silicates. The resulting insulating composition was cast into shape, dried and baked to form an insulating layer.
Japanese Patent No. 63264125 to Fumikazu et al. discloses the preparation of dry dehumidifying materials. Moisture is removed from room air or gas as it passes through a dehumidifying rotor of zeolite (70% by weight) and an inorganic binder (2-30% by weight). The inorganic binder includes colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, silicates, aluminates and bentonite. Wet air was passed through the dehumidifying rotor, and the amount of dried air was assessed.
Japanese Patent No. 60141680 to Kanbe el al. discloses the preparation of a refractory lining repair material. The material was prepared by adding a solution of phosphoric acid with ultra fine silica powder to a-mixture of refractory clay and refractory aggregates composed of grog, alumina, silica, zircon and pyrophyllite. The refractory material has improved bonding strength and minute structure, and are useful for molten metal vessels such as ladles, tundishes, and electric furnaces.
Adsorbent particles of the prior art have not achieved the ability to remove particular contaminants from a liquid or gas stream, such as, for example, a waste stream or drinking water, to acceptably low levels. Additionally, the adsorbent particles of the prior art have not been able to bind tightly to particular contaminants so that the adsorbent particle/contaminant composition can be safely disposed of in a landfill. Thus, there has been a need in the art for adsorbents that have improved ability to adsorb particular materials, particularly contaminants from a gas or liquid stream, to thereby purify the stream. There has been a need in the art for the adsorbent particles to tightly bind to the adsorbed contaminant. Also, there has been a need in the art for catalysts that have the ability or that have an improved ability to catalyze the reaction of contaminants into non-co
Kepner Bryan E.
Mintz Eric A.
Apyron Technologies, Inc.
Griffin Steven P.
Ildebrando Christina
Needle & Rosenberg P.C.
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