Optics: image projectors – Distortion compensation
Reexamination Certificate
2001-03-30
2004-04-13
Adams, Russell (Department: 2851)
Optics: image projectors
Distortion compensation
C353S031000, C353S034000, C353S037000, C353S038000, C353S050000, C353S094000, C353S098000, C359S020000, C349S062000, C348S742000, C348S771000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06719429
ABSTRACT:
RELATED APPLICATION(S)
Not Applicable
FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to video and multimedia projectors and more particularly to improving the projected brightness of such projectors by employing anamorphic illumination of micro-electromechanical display devices employed therein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Projection systems have been used for many years to project motion pictures and still photographs onto screens for viewing. More recently, presentations using multimedia projection systems have become popular for conducting sales demonstrations, business meetings, and classroom instruction. Such multimedia projection systems typically receive from a personal computer (“PC”) analog video signals representing still, partial-, or full-motion display images that are converted into digital video signals for controlling a digitally driven image-forming device, such as a micro-electromechanical display device (“MDD ”), a common type of which is a digital micromirror device. An example of a popular MDD-based multimedia projector is the model LP420 manufactured by In Focus Corporation, Wilsonville, Ore., the assignee of this application.
Significant effort has been invested into developing multimedia projectors producing bright, high-quality, color images. However, the optical performance of conventional projectors is often less than satisfactory. For example, suitable projected images having adequate brightness are difficult to achieve, especially when using compact portable color projectors in a well-lighted room.
FIG. 1
, shows a typical prior art multimedia projector
30
including a light source
32
that propagates polychromatic light along an optical path
34
. Light source
32
generates intense light by employing an arc lamp
36
and an elliptical reflector
38
. Optical path
34
includes a condenser lens
40
, a color wheel
42
, a light integrating tunnel
44
, a fold mirror
46
, a relay lens
48
, an MDD
50
, and a projection lens
52
. One or two field lenses (not shown) typically follow light integrating tunnel
72
. The optical components are held together by an optical frame
54
that is enclosed within a projector housing (not shown). A display controller
56
receives color image data from a PC
58
and processes the image data into frame sequential red, green, and blue image data, sequential frames of which are conveyed to MDD
50
in proper synchronism with the rotating angular position of color wheel
42
. A power supply
60
is electrically connected to light source
32
and display controller
56
and also powers a cooling fan
62
and a free running DC motor
64
that rotates color wheel
42
. Display controller
56
controls MDD
50
such that light propagating from relay lens
48
is selectively reflected by MDD pixel mirrors either toward projection lens
52
or toward a light-absorbing surface
66
mounted on or near optical frame
54
. Color wheel synchronization is achieved by an appropriate sensor coupled to color wheel
42
or by employing a color selective light sensor
68
to detect the time period during which a predetermined color filter segment is in optical path
34
.
To increase projected image brightness and uniformity, an input aperture
70
of light integrating tunnel
44
collects light exiting color wheel
42
and homogenizes the light during propagation through tunnel
44
to an output aperture
72
. The uniformly bright rectangular light bundle exiting output aperture
72
propagates through the field lenses, reflects off fold mirror
46
, and is imaged by relay lens
48
onto MDD
50
. Unfortunately, because of the oblique illumination angle of MDD
50
, the bright image of output aperture
72
typically overfills at least a portion of MDD
50
resulting in reduced brightness of the projected image.
Brightness-reducing overfill of light valves, such as MDDs is a common problem that prior workers have toiled to solve. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,485 for SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UNIFORMITY OF ILLUMINATION FOR TUNGSTEN LIGHT describes employing a tungsten lamp and an anamorphic optical system to illuminate an elongated, linear MDD array used for line-scanning a photo-sensitive drum in a printer. (Conventional anamorphic optical systems employ a lens or lenses having different focal lengths or magnification factors in perpendicular planes to the optical axis.) The anamorphic optical system receives a substantially rectangular light bundle from the tungsten lamp and squashes the light bundle in one axis so that the resulting squashed light bundle illuminates the elongated, linear MDD without substantial overfill. Unfortunately, employing a tungsten lamp without an integrator tunnel results in insufficient illumination uniformity and brightness for use in a multimedia projector.
What is needed, therefore, is an improved way of capturing as much of the light propagated through a color modulator as possible and uniformly imaging the light on a MDD without significant overfill.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is, therefore, to provide an apparatus and a method for improving the illumination brightness and uniformity of a MDD employed in a multimedia projector.
MDD-based multimedia projectors of this invention employ an arc lamp, a color modulator, and anamorphic illumination systems for optimally illuminating the MDD to improve projected image brightness. MDDs typically employ off-axis illumination wherein incident and reflected light bundles are angularly separated by an amount determined by the mirror tilt angle about a mirror hinge axis. Thus, in an MDD in which the mirrors have a ±10-degree tilt angle, the incident and reflected light bundles would be angularly separated about the hinge axis by 20-degrees. This angular separation limits the conical angles available for the incident and reflected light bundles and, therefore, limits the illumination f/# and defines a practical entrance pupil f/# for the projection lens (hereinafter “f/#” may also be referred to as “f
umber”). In this invention, however, the MDD is illuminated by an anamorphic illumination source having a tilt angle limited f/# perpendicular to the MDD hinge axis and a faster f/# parallel to the MDD hinge axis. This causes the incident and reflected light bundles to have elliptical, rather than circular cross-sections, resulting in more total light illuminating and reflecting off the MDD. A projection lens having an enlarged entrance pupil (faster f/# lens) gathers and projects the reflected light bundle to produce a brighter projected image.
A first embodiment of the anamorphic illumination system is suitable for use with MDDs in which an array of micromirrors each pivot parallel to a hinge axis that is parallel to an edge margin of the MDD. Light rays exiting the color modulator enter an input aperture of an anamorphic integrator tunnel, propagate through the anamorphic integrator tunnel, and exit through an output aperture. The anamorphic light tunnel has orthogonal length, width, and height axes. The output aperture has a width to height ratio that matches a width to height ratio of the MDD, whereas the input aperture has the same height, but twice the width of the output aperture. The anamorphic integrator tunnel functions as a non-imaging light concentrator and emits the light rays from the output aperture with f/0.4 illumination angles in the width axis and f/1 illumination angles in the height axis. At least one field lens images the output aperture onto the MDD, which receives an anamorphic incident light bundle corresponding to the f/0.4 and f/1 illumination angles.
A second embodiment of the anamorphic illumination system is suitable for use with MDDs in which an array of micromirrors each pivot parallel to a hinge axis that extends diagonally across the MDD. In this embodiment the anamorphic optical system comprises a collimating lens system, first and second flyeye lenslet arrays, and an imaging lens system. The first flyseye lenslet array
Adams Russell
Cruz Magda
InFocus Corporation
Schwabe Williamson & Wyatt P.C.
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