Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Means for mixing treating agent with respiratory gas
Patent
1982-04-20
1984-06-12
Recla, Henry J.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Means for mixing treating agent with respiratory gas
12820425, 12820512, 12820517, 12820524, 128911, A61M 1600
Patent
active
044535430
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide an anaesthesia-breathing apparatus by means of which gas can be supplied to a patient for artificial respiration, supported respiration, anaesthesia purposes or combinations of such purposes. Such apparatuses which for example are known from Swedish published specification 7308537-5 or U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,814,091 and 3,901,230 comprises a gas chamber connected, on the one hand, to a patient connecting piece and, on the other hand, a respiratory gas receptacle, for example in the form of a respiration bag, a check valve adapted to permit discharge of excess gas from the breathing apparatus to the atmosphere and, optionally, a filter for absorption of carbon dioxide from recirculating breathing gas.
Most closely related with the object of the invention as far as the function is concerned is the anaesthesia-breathing apparatus according to the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,814,091 and 3,901,230. The apparatus shown fundamentally in FIG. 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,901,230 operates substantially in the same way as the apparatus according to the present invention in those cases in which the patient is breathing spontaneously. Both apparatuses operate in this case according to the well-known Magill-narcosis-breathing system. However, use of the known apparatus is used for performing controlled ventilation, or supported ventilation which is a transition form between spontaneous respiration and controlled ventilation, the known has drawbacks which may be dangerous for the patient. In all the embodiments described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,901,230 a closure of the gas discharge valve can take place when the breathing bag is manually operated. If this happens the system is filled with fresh gas causing the pressure to increase. For this reason the provision of a security valve in this system is required in order to prevent the build-up of dangerously high pressures in the lungs of the patient in consequence of the gas supply. In addition the known apparatus requires the provision of a venting valve which upon manual operation permits discharge of gas from the excessively filled system to permit the state of locking to be removed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention completely removes these and other drawbacks by a construction in which the gas chamber is in connection with the patient connecting piece via a control valve which alternately conducts exhaled gas to one end of a recirculation gas chamber or closes the connection to the recirculation gas chamber and conducts the exhaled gas from the gas chamber to the patient. The recirculation gas chamber, which at least holds the volume of gas exhaled by a mature person that has been in contact with the lung alveoli, at its other end is connected, via a second check valve opening towards the respiratory gas receptacle, to the respiratory gas receptacle. A side duct, which is in connection with the atmosphere via a first check valve, is connected to the recirculation gas chamber near said one end, while a connection for supplying fresh air from a pressurized source opens into the recirculation gas chamber immediately upstream from the second check valve.
If an apparatus having these characteristic features is used by a patient whose breathing function is paralyzed and which thus must be supplied controlled or at least supported ventilation, the control valve and the second check valve cooperate in such a way that during the inhalation phase, when the respiration bag is compressed, an independent recirculation gas chamber is defined in such a way that the inflating pressure cannot enter therein. As the fresh-gas supply and the first check valve, i.e. the discharge valve, both are in connection with the recirculation gas chamber as defined, the following advantageous properties which are not achievable with the apparatuses known so far, are obtained in the present apparatus:
1. No adjustment of the first check valve is required during transition between spontane
REFERENCES:
patent: 3200818 (1965-08-01), Johannisson
patent: 3700000 (1972-10-01), Hesse et al.
patent: 3814091 (1974-06-01), Henkin
patent: 3901230 (1975-08-01), Henkin
patent: 4007737 (1977-02-01), Paluch
Kohnke Ole B.
Ruben Henning
Recla Henry J.
Testa-Laboratorium A/S
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