Specialized metallurgical processes – compositions for use therei – Processes – Consolidating metalliferous material by agglomerating,...
Patent
1997-08-18
1999-12-07
Carr, Deborah D
Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therei
Processes
Consolidating metalliferous material by agglomerating,...
510119, 510130, 510276, 510437, 554 44, 554 46, 554 47, 554 48, 554 50, 554 61, 554 63, 554 88, 554110, 554213, 560127, 560149, 560150, 560151, 560174, 560176, 560186, 564193, 564197, 564199, 424 701, C22B 100
Patent
active
059976101
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on dicarboxylic diesters.
2. Description of the Background
A wide variety of anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic compounds are known as amphiphilic substances. By far the most of these substances consist of a hydrophilic head group and at least one hydrophobic part.
With the amphiphilic substances there is a need, for ecological reasons, for example concerning the reduction in the cost of packaging and transport, to achieve an increasingly greater effect per mass of substance employed. Since optimization by mixing amphiphilic substances produces only very limited advances, novel amphiphilic substances with greater efficiency are required. It is therefore necessary in particular to find substances with lower critical micelle concentrations and/or lower surface and interfacial tensions in order to be able to reduce markedly the amounts of active substance used.
Initial approaches to a solution in this direction by doubling one part of the structure (hydrophilic head group, hydrophobic group) have already been disclosed. Thus, cationic surface-active compounds can be obtained by adding long-chain alkyl halides onto permethylated alkylenediamines [R. Zana, M. Benrraou, R. Rueff, Langmuir, 7 (1991) 1072: R. Zana, Y. Talmon, Nature, 362 (1993) 228; E. Alami, G. Beinert, P. Marie, R. Zana, Langmuir, 9 (1993) 1465].
Anionic surface-active compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups have to date been prepared only on the basis of diglycidyl ethers (U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,450, JP 01 304 033, JP 4 124 165). However, diglycidyl ethers are regarded as toxicologically objectionable and are rather costly. Furthermore, epichlorohydrin is used for their preparation, which leads to large amounts of residues so that these compounds are no longer in accord with the times from the ecotoxicological and economic viewpoints.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object therefore was to find amphiphilic compounds which have at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups, the amphiphilic compounds having a very high efficiency relative to the amount used, and which furthermore can be prepared from raw materials which are easily available industrially and without large amounts of unwanted by-products being formed.
The object is achieved according to the invention by sulfonated, amphiphilic dicarboxylic diesters which can be prepared, for example, by sulfonation of dicarboxylic difatty alcohol esters or by sulfonation of dicarboxylic dialkyl esters with short alkyl chains and subsequent transesterification with fatty alcohols and neutralization of the sulfonic acids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The amphiphilic compounds according to the invention are compounds of the general formula I ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in formula I have the meanings described below:
R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, an unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 22, preferably 8 to 18, carbon atoms.
Specific substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 which may be mentioned are the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl , n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, n-uneicosyl, n-docosyl and their branched-chain isomers, and the corresponding singly, doubly or triply unsaturated radicals.
R.sup.2 is a spacer consisting of an unbranched or branched chain with 2 to 100 carbon atoms, which contains 0 to 20 oxygen and/or 0 to 20 nitrogen and/or 0 to 4 sulfur and/or 0 to 3 phosphorus atoms, and which has 0 to 20 functional side groups such as, for example, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino and/or acylamino groups, and/or 0 to 4 rings, which are isolated or fused.
The spacer R.sup.2 is, in particular, skeleton the compounds accordi
REFERENCES:
patent: 5160450 (1992-11-01), Okahara et al.
Abstract od JP-07003287, Jan. 1995.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 16, No. 383 (C-0974), Aug. 17, 1992, JP 4-124165, Apr. 24, 1994.
R. Zana, et al., Nature, vol. 362, pp. 228-230, Mar. 18, 1993, "Dependence of Aggregate Morphology on Structure of Dimeric Surfactants".
R. Zana, et al., Langmuir, vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 1072-1075, 1991, "Alkanediyl.alpha.,.omega.-Bis(Dimethylalkylammonium Bromide) Surfactants. 1. Effect of the Spacer Chain Length on the Critical Micelle Concentration and Micelle Ionization Degree".
E. Alami, et al., Langmuir, vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 1465-1467, 1993, "Alkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-Bis(Dimethylalkylammonium Bromide) Surfactants. 3. Behavior at the Air-Water Interface".
Kwetkat Klaus
Ruback Wulf
Carr Deborah D
Huels Aktiengesellschaft
LandOfFree
Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-819127