Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Catalyst or precursor therefor – Metal – metal oxide or metal hydroxide
Patent
1992-04-01
1994-07-05
Konopka, Paul E.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Catalyst or precursor therefor
Metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide
4232135, 4232391, 423247, 502227, 502229, B01J 2389, B01J 2106, B01J 27128, B01D 5336
Patent
active
053267362
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to highly active catalysts for conversion of combustion exhaust gases to harmless gases; catalysts being easily produced and recovered by simple methods.
BACKGROUND ARTS
Apparatuses and engines, burn various organic substances, exhaust gases containing NOx, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons, etc. Such exhaust gases have so far been converted basically by reactions to change carbon compounds into carbon dioxide and water and to change nitrogen oxides into nitrogen gas, using catalysts of platinum group elements carried by ceramics.
One of the present inventors filed an application for patent registration of amorphous alloy electrode materials containing Ni-Ta-Pt group metals as essential components, for generation of oxygen gas in the hydrolysis of aqueous solutions, under Japanese Patent Kokai No. 61-281889.
Furthermore, three of the present inventors filed applications for patent registration of surface activated amorphous alloys as electrodes for electrrolyzing solutions, comprising one or more elements of Ti, Zr, Nb and Ta, and Ni and platinum group metals, and also of an activation treatment process for them under Japanese Patent Kokai Nos. 62-96633, 62-96634 and 62-96636 and moreover filed an application for patent registration of similar surface activated supersaturated solid solution alloys for electrodes for electrolyzing solutions and also of an activation treatment process for them under Japanese Patent Kokai No. 62-96635.
In addition, the present inventors found surface activated amorphous alloys for methanol based fuel cells, and filed an application for patent registration under Japanese Patent Kokai No. 63-11647.
The conventional catalysts with platinum group elements carried by ceramics used for conversion of the exhaust gases from various apparatuses and engines burning various organic substaces are high in reaction temperature and difficult to recover expensive platinum group elements.
Therefore, the development of any catalysts which can act at low temperatures to convert low temperature exhaust gases in the beginning of combustion, are high in activity and can be easily regenerated has been awaited.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to catalysts for conversion of exhaust gases to harmless gases, comprising an amorphous alloy consisting of 20-70 at % of at least one element selected from Nb and Ta, 0.5-20 at % of at least one element selected from Ru, Pd, Rh, Pt and Irt, with the balance being substantially at least one element selected from Ni and Co, having been subjected to activation treatment by immersion in hydrofluoric acid; catalysts for conversion of exhaust gases to harmless gases, comprising an amorphous alloy consisting of 20-80 at % of at least one element selected from Ti and Zr, 0.5-20 at % of at least one element selected from Ru, Pd, Rh, Pt and Ir, with the balance being substantially 10 at % of at least one element selected from Ni and Co, having been subjected to activation treatment by immersion in hydrofluoric acid; and catalysts for conversion of exhaust gases to harmless gases, comprising an amorphous alloy consisting of at most 70 at % of at least one element selected from Nb and Ta, and 20-80 at % in the sum of at least one element selected from Nb and Ta and at least one element selected from Ti and Zr, 0.5-20 at % of at least one more element selected from Ru, Pd, Rh, Pt and Ir, with the balance being substantially at least 10 at % of at least one element selected from Ni and Co, having been subjected to activation treatment by immersion in hydrofluoric acid.
The present invention provides catalysts which can convert gases containing NOx, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons, etc. from apparatuses and engines using various organic fuels to harmless gases based on the reactions changing carbon compounds into carbon dioxide and water, and nitrogen oxides into nitrogen at temperatures close to room temperature, and the catalysts have high activity and easily produced and regenerated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE
REFERENCES:
patent: 4091072 (1978-05-01), McArthur
patent: 4492769 (1985-01-01), Blanchard et al.
Asami Katsuhiko
Habazaki Hiroki
Hashimoto Koji
Kawashima Asahi
Teruuchi Kiyohiro
Daiki Engineering Co., Ltd.
Hashimoto Koji
Konopka Paul E.
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