Compositions – Vaporization – or expansion – refrigeration or heat or energy... – With lubricants – or warning – stabilizing or anti-corrosion...
Patent
1996-07-03
1997-11-18
Skane, Christine
Compositions
Vaporization, or expansion, refrigeration or heat or energy...
With lubricants, or warning, stabilizing or anti-corrosion...
62468, 252 67, 508579, C09K 504, C10M10518
Patent
active
056884338
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a refrigerating machine using a refrigerant mainly comprising ammonia, a working fluid composition comprising a mixture of a refrigerant and a lubricating oil for use in a heat pump and the refrigerating machine, and a method for lubricating an ammonia compressor.
BACKGROUND ART
Heretofore, Flon has been widely used as a refrigerant for a refrigerating machine and a heat pump (hereinafter referred to generically as "the refrigerating machine"). However, when discharged into the atmosphere, the Flon is accumulated and then decomposed by ultraviolet rays of the sun to produce chlorine atoms, and these chlorine atoms destroy the ozone layer having a function to protect the earth from the intensive ultraviolet rays of the sun. For this reason, the use of the Flon is getting limited. In recent years, much attention is thus paid to ammonia as an alternative refrigerant of the Flon.
An ammonia refrigerant does not destroy the environments of the earth in contrast to the Flon, and the refrigeration effect of ammonia is comparable to that of the Flon, and what is better, ammonia is inexpensive. However, ammonia is toxic, combustible, and insoluble in a mineral oil which is used as a lubricating oil for a compressor. In addition, ammonia has the drawback that its discharge temperature of the compressor is high. Accordingly, a refrigerating system which is now utilized is constituted so as not to bring about inconveniences owing to these drawbacks.
A typical constitution of the refrigerating system will be described in reference to FIG. 6. Reference numeral 50 is a direct expansion refrigerating system of a single-step compression type for providing heat of -10.degree. C. on the side of an evaporator and heat of +35.degree. C. on the side of a condenser. The function of this refrigerating system will be mainly described. An oil-containing ammonia refrigerant which is compressed by a refrigerant compressor 51 is treated in an oil separator 52 to separate the oil therefrom, and it is then subjected to heat exchange with a cooling water 64 in a condenser 53 (taken heat: about 35.degree. C.), whereby the ammonia refrigerant is condensed/liquefied in the condenser 53.
The oil liquefied and separated at the time of the condensation is further separated in an oil reservoir 55 disposed under the bottom of a high-pressure liquid receiver 54, and the ammonia refrigerant is then vaporized under reduced pressure through an expansion valve 56. In an evaporator 57, heat exchange is carried out with blast load fed by a fan 58 (taken heat: -10.degree. C.), and the ammonia refrigerant is then sucked into the compressor 51 via an ammonia oil separator 59. Afterward, this refrigerating cycle is repeated.
The oils stored on the bottoms of the oil separator 52, the oil reservoir 55 disposed at the bottom of the liquid receiver 54, the ammonia oil separator 59 and the evaporator 57 are all collected in an oil receiver 61 via oil drawing valves 60a, 60b, 60c and 60d, respectively, and the thus collected oil is returned to the compressor 51 through an oil jet portion 52a of the compressor 51 to carry out lubrication, sealing and cooling of sliding parts.
In this connection, it is well known that the refrigerating machine 50 can be applied as a heat pump device by taking out heat from the side of the condenser 53, and therefore, they will be generically called the refrigerating machine.
As the above-mentioned lubricating oil, there is usually used a mineral lubricating oil comprising of a paraffinic-based oil, a naphthenic-based oil or the like. However, since the lubricating oil is insoluble in ammonia, the oil separator is provided on the discharge side of the compressor to separate the ammonia gas and the lubricating oil discharged from the compressor. Even if the above-mentioned separator is provided, the lubricating oil in a mist state cannot be completely removed. Moreover, since the discharge side of the compressor has a high temperature, the lubricating oil is slightly dissolved in
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Kaimai Takashi
Kasahara Keisuke
Kawamura Kuniaki
Yano Hisashi
Japan Energy Corporation
Mayekawa Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Skane Christine
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