Aminimide-containing molecules and materials as molecular recogn

Details Aminimide-containing molecules and materials as molecular recogn Aminimide-containing molecules and materials as molecular recogn

1995-03-27

1998-01-06

Schofer, Joseph L.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

From protein or biologically active polypeptide reactant

530323, 536 22, 536 53, 514 1, C08H 100, C07K 200, C08B 3700, C07H 1900

Patent

active

057055858

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the logical development of biochemical and biopharmaceutical agents and of new materials including fabricated materials such as fibers, beads, films, and gels. Specifically, the invention relates to the development of molecular modules based on aminimide and related structures, and to the use of these modules in the assembly of molecules and fabricated materials with tailored properties, which are determined by the contributions of the individual building modules. The molecular modules of the invention are preferably chiral, and can be used to synthesize new compounds and fabricated materials which are able to recognize biological receptors, enzymes, genetic materials, and other chiral molecules, and are thus of great interest in the fields of biopharmaceuticals, separation and materials science.


2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The discovery of new molecules has traditionally focused in two broad areas, biologically active molecules, which are used as drugs for the treatment of life-threatening diseases, and new materials, which are used in commercial, especially high-technological applications. In both areas, the strategy used to discover new molecules has involved two basic operations: (i) a more or less random choice of a molecular candidate, prepared either via chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources, and (ii) the testing of the molecular candidate for the property or properties of interest. This discovery cycle is repeated indefinitely until a molecule possessing the desirable properties is located. In the majority of cases, the molecular types chosen for testing have belonged to rather narrowly defined chemical classes. For example, the discovery of new peptide hormones has involved work with peptides; the discovery of new therapeutic steroids has involved work with the steroid nucleus; the discovery of new surfaces to be used in the construction of computer chips or sensors has involved work with inorganic materials, etc. As a result, the discovery of new functional molecules, being ad hoc in nature and relying predominantly on serendipity, has been an extremely time-consuming, laborious, unpredictable, and costly enterprise.
A brief account of the strategies and tactics used in the discovery of new molecules is described below. The emphasis is on biologically interesting molecules; however, the technical problems encountered in the discovery of biologically active molecules as outlined here are also illustrative of the problems encountered in the discovery of molecules which can serve as new materials for high technological applications. Furthermore, as discussed below, these problems are also illustrative of the problems encountered in the development of fabricated materials for high technological applications.


2.1 Drug Design

Modern theories of biological activity state that biological activities, and therefore physiological states, are the result of molecular recognition events. For example, nucleotides can form complementary base pairs so that complementary single-stranded molecules hybridize resulting in double- or triple-helical structures that appear to be involved in regulation of gene expression. In another example, a biologically active molecule, referred to as a ligand, binds with another molecule, usually a macromolecule referred to as ligand-acceptor (e.g. a receptor or an enzyme), and this binding elicits a chain of molecular events which ultimately gives rise to a physiological state, e.g. normal cell growth and differentiation, abnormal cell growth leading to carcinogenesis, blood-pressure regulation, nerve-impulse-generation and -propagation, etc. The binding between ligand and ligand-acceptor is geometrically characteristic and extraordinarily specific, involving appropriate three-dimensional structural arrangements and chemical interactions.


2.1.1 Design and Synthesis of Nucleotides

Recent interest in gene therapy and manipulation of gene expression has focused on the design of synthetic oligonucleoti

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