Amine oxide wood preservatives

Details Amine oxide wood preservatives Amine oxide wood preservatives

2001-05-24

2003-06-03

Anthony, Joseph D. (Department: 1714)

Compositions

Preservative agents

C252S602000, C252S401000, C252S390000, C510S199000, C510S433000, C106S018320, C424S126000, C422S016000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06572788

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a wood preservative composition comprising a biocidally effective amount of at least one amine oxide and a method of controlling microorganisms in a wood substrate or other cellulosic or fiber material with the wood preservative composition. This invention also relates to a method of removing algae from a substrate with one or more amine oxides.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wood is an important building and construction material that is used in a variety of applications, such as housing material, utility poles, and railroad ties. Effective wood preservatives and waterproofing compounds that improve dimensional stability are necessary to maintain the integrity of these structures.
Quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds (QAC's), such as didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), have been shown to be effective as fungicides. However, QAC's do not readily penetrate and uniformly distribute into wood. Because of the poor penetration and distribution, certain areas of the wood do not receive adequate protection, often resulting in the wood rotting from the inside out. Furthermore, DDAC corrodes steel tanks and other metal components commonly used in wood treatment systems.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,357,163 discloses a chlorinated phenol wood treating composition containing a chlorophenol, a fatty acid amine oxide, and water. The amine oxide was included to increase penetration of the chelating agents and chlorophenols into the wood and to stabilize the chlorophenol in water.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,833,741 discloses a waterproofer wood preservative system comprising a waterproofing enhancing amount of waterproofer composition and a biocidally effective amount of a biocide. The waterproofer is an alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, an alkyl acetoacetate, or a waterproofing quaternary ammonium compound. The biocide comprises at least one biocidal quaternary ammonium compound. Generally, the concentration of biocide in the waterproofer wood preservative system is 0.25 to 4% by weight.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,296,145 and 3,484,523 disclose a composition for cleaning, softening, and sanitizing fabrics; cleaning and sanitizing walls and floors; and cleaning and degerming human skin and similar organic tissue. The composition contains a quaternary alkyl ammonium compound and a tertiary amine oxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,504 discloses alkyl amine oxides which are effective as ectoparasiticidal and ovicidal toxicants and their use in shampoos.
Devinsky et al., Chemical Abstracts 103:122986s (1 986), disclose certain N,N′-didecyl-N,N′-dimethyl-&agr;,&ohgr;-alkanediamine dioxides which inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Societe de Produits Chimiques et de Synthese, Chemical Abstracts 84849c (1966), discloses that dimethyl-laurylamine oxide, bis(&bgr;-hydroxyethyl)laurylamine oxide, and dimethylsoyaamine oxide were used for suppressing the growth of some dermal fungi or bacteria, such as
C. perfringens, S. anaerobius,
and
A. niger.
However, prior to the present invention, there was no indication that amine oxides would be effective as wood preservatives. In fact, their inclusion in wood treating solutions was to either stabilize a preservative ingredient, such as chlorophenol as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,357,163, or act as a waterproofer in conjunction with a preservative ingredient, as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,833,741.
In light of the foregoing, it is desirable to have a wood preservative that has broad antifungal activity, low toxicity to non-target organisms, high phase stability in water, and low corrosivity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have discovered that amine oxides are highly effective as wood preservatives. The present invention provides a wood preservative composition comprising a biocidally effective amount of one or more amine oxides. Preferably, the wood preservative composition is substantially free of halogenated compounds (such as halides and chlorinated compounds) and quaternary ammonium compounds. The wood preservative composition of the present invention exhibits low toxicity, high stability in water, low corrosivity to metal substrates (such as steel substrates), excellent penetration and uniform distribution into wood, low odor, waterproofing properties, and high leaching resistance. The wood preservative composition may be applied to the surface of a wood substrate or be applied by pressure treating the wood substrate with the wood preservative composition. Other cellulosic and fiber materials, such as cotton, burlap, and like materials, may also be preserved with the composition of the present invention.
Another embodiment is a method of controlling microorganisms, such as fungal decay organisms (generally known as white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi) and sapstain organisms (e.g. stains, mold, and fungi) on and/or in a wood substrate, such as fresh cut lumber, comprising applying a biocidally effective amount of the composition of the present invention to the wood substrate.
Yet another embodiment is a method of controlling sapstain organisms and/or fungi (including mold) on and/or in a wood substrate, such as fresh cut lumber, comprising applying a sapstain and/or fungicidally (mold) inhibiting effective amount of one or more amine oxides and one or more phosphonic iron stain inhibitors.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a wood preservative system comprising a wood substrate and a biocidally effective amount of one or more amine oxides. Preferably, the wood substrate comprises a fungicidally or sapstain inhibiting effective amount of one or more amine oxides.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a wood preservative composition comprising a biocidally effective amount of one or more amine oxides. The composition of the present invention exhibits high penetration and uniform distribution into wood substrates as well as low corrosivity to metal substrates and high leaching resistance.
The amine oxide may be a trialkylamine oxide, an alkylcyclicamine oxide, a dialkylpiperazine di-N-oxide, an alkyldi(poly(oxyalkylene))amine oxide, a dialkylbenzylamine oxide, a fatty acylamidopropyldimethylamine oxide, a diamine dioxide; a triamine trioxide, or any combination of any of the foregoing.
Preferred trialkylamine oxides have the formula R
1
R
2
R
3
N→O, where R
1
is a linear, branched, cyclic or any combination thereof C
8
to C
40
saturated or unsaturated group; and R
2
and R
3
independently are linear, branched, or any combination thereof C
1
to C
40
saturated or unsaturated groups. R
1
, R
2
, and R
3
independently may be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups. More preferably, R
1
is a linear, branched, cyclic or any combination thereof C
8
to C
22
saturated or unsaturated group, such as coco, hydrogenated tallow, soya, decyl, and hexadecyl; and R
2
and R
3
independently are linear, branched, or any combination thereof C
1
to C
22
saturated or unsaturated groups, such as coco, hydrogenated tallow (which is typically about 70-75% by weight of C
18
alkyl, about 20-25% by weight of C
16
alkyl, and traces of lower derivatives), soya, decyl, and hexadecyl.
A preferred trialkylamine oxide is a dialkylmethylamine oxide having the formula R
1
R
2
CH
3
N→O, where R
1
and R
2
are defined as above. Another preferred trialkylamine oxide is an alkyldimethylamine oxide having the formula R
1
(CH
3
)
2
N→O, where R
1
is defined as above. More preferred alkyldimethylamine oxides have the formula R
19
(CH
3
)
2
N→O, where R
19
is a linear or branched C
8
-C
18
alkyl. Preferably, R
19
is a linear or branched C
10
-C
16
alkyl. Alkyldimethylamine oxides are non-toxic and non-mutagenic surfactants. Suitable alkyldimethylamine oxides include, but are not limited to, decyldimethylamine oxide, cocodimethylamine oxide, dodecyldimethylamine oxide, a C
10
-C
14
alkyldimethylamine oxide, hexadecyldimethylamine oxide, a C
16
-C
18
alkyldimethylamine oxide, and any combination of any of the foregoing. A more preferred wood preservative composition contains a mixture

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