Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Utility Patent
1997-07-18
2001-01-02
Carr, Deborah D. (Department: 1621)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
C510S350000, C510S433000, C510S488000, C510S499000, C562S588000, C564S503000, C564S511000, C252S391000, C554S213000, C554S219000, C106S287240, C106S287260
Utility Patent
active
06169064
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is related generally to surfactant compositions and, more particularly, to novel amine ether acid salt surfactants capable of use in a wide variety of applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Surface-active agents are well known constituents of a broad range of chemical compositions wherein dispersion of the composition constituents is a desired property. Examples of but a few compositions which include surfactants are: roof coating compositions, laundry detergents, inks, paints, hard surface cleaners and spray wax compositions. In applications, such as the diverse applications described above, the surfactant serves as an emulsifying agent concentrating at the oil and water interfaces, thereby dispersing the constituents.
Surfactants also play a significant role in other known applications such as the process of concentrating ores by flotation. In such applications, a pulp of mineral particles is placed in a flotation cell with water and a surfactant. The wettability of materials in the ores, such as silica in iron ore, is altered by the surfactant. The altered materials adhere to air bubbles passed through the flotation cell and float to the surface of the cell permitting skimming and removal of such materials.
Performance, liquidity, cost and ease of manufacture are important considerations with respect to formulation of commercially successful salt surfactants potentially useful in applications such as those described above.
The surfactant should have good surfactant properties including appropriate hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. Ideally, both the anion and cation would have surfactant properties. Typical prior art salt surfactants are characterized in that only one of the anion or cation has advantageous surfactant properties.
The surfactant must be robust and capable of dispersing other constituents and imparting appropriate viscosity to diverse compositions such as, by way of example only, asphalt-and-clay-based roof coating compositions. These roof coating compositions lack constituent uniformity and can vary greatly depending, for example, on the type of clay used or the oxidation state of the asphalt. Inability of the surfactant to disperse a wide range of constituents can result in loss of viscosity and cause premature failure of the composition.
Low corrosivity is a further desirable surfactant performance characteristic. Salt surfactants of the prior art can tend to be corrosive due to the anion frequently being the negative ion of relatively strong mineral acids in a strong electrolytic environment. Selection of surfactant constituents with low corrosivity is important with respect to expanding the potential range of applications for the surfactant.
The most desired salt surfactants should be liquid and not solid. Liquidity contributes to ease of manufacture and formulation. Liquidity is also an aid in handling and mixing without having to apply heat or use extraordinary mixing equipment. A disadvantage of many prior art salt surfactants is that they tend to be solids, rather than liquids.
Surfactant liquidity further contributes to the overall solubility of the surfactant. A disadvantage of prior art cationic surfactants is that they tend to precipitate out of solution resulting in reduced performance. This is a particular problem in the ore separation process because cationic surfactants of the prior art are known to plate out of solution or crystalize when exposed to the cold temperatures typical of geographic regions at which most ore separation occurs in the United States.
With respect to cost, it is desirable to prepare the surfactant based on precursor materials which are abundant and inexpensive. As those experienced in the art are aware, small price differences per unit volume have a significant effect on product sales and can mean the difference between success or failure in the marketplace.
Cost savings can also be achieved through use of precursor molecules which are comparatively easy to synthesize into the desired end product. Further, precursor molecules should be selected based on the manufacturer's ability to efficiently tailor such precursors to the precise end product form desired by the customer. Surfactants which fail to meet these cost and manufacturing criteria are at a competitive disadvantage. Surfactant composition with good performance and liquidity properties, which is robust and capable of being used in a wide variety of applications, which is easy and cost-effective to manufacture, and which avoids the disadvantages of prior art surfactants would represent a significant advance in the art.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved surfactant composition overcoming problems and shortcomings of the prior art.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved surfactant composition which has good dispersion properties in a wide variety of applications.
A further object of this invention is to provide an improved surfactant composition with favorable liquidity and handling properties.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved surfactant composition which is relatively cost effective.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide an improved surfactant composition which is easy to manufacture.
How these and other objects are accomplished will be apparent from the descriptions of this invention which follow.
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Krogh James A.
Sipe Michael R.
Carr Deborah D.
Jansson, Shupe Bridge & Munger, Ltd.
Keys Rosalynd
Tomah Products, Inc.
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