Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Patent
1988-08-24
1989-06-20
Skapars, Anthony
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
429218, H01M 618
Patent
active
048408565
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to novel polyphosphazenes, and more particularly to oligoethyleneoxy polyphosphazenes having an allyl group at the terminal end of its side chain, a process for preparing the same and the use thereof.
BACKGROUND ART
A predominant portion of the energy consumed by the chemical industry which assumes the principal role in producing substances is used not for chemical reactions but for the separation or purification of products, especially for handling aqueous solutions which are great in specific heat and require great energy for heating or cooling. For industries wherein improved productivities and savings in energy are of the greatest importance, what matters is how to conduct efficient separation or purification. Attention has been directed to the use of membranes as useful means for carrying out efficient separation or purification almost without necessitating heating or cooling. It has been desired to develop membranes having various characteristics for use in novel processes, while it is an important problem to provide membranes of improved characteristics for use in existing processes.
Efforts to develop membrane materials are directed to the investigation of materials which can be made into a membrane structure having a uniform distribution of pores suited to the contemplated purpose and also materials which can be made into a thin membrane retaining the desired strength to achieve a high permeability. However, it is difficult to prepare membranes which are uniform in pore size distribution.
The separation or purification of substances is achieved essentially by the selective migration of the substance, and the efficiency of the membrane process is dependent on the ease with which the substance ingresses into and egresses from the membrane and moves through the membrane, so that the affinity of the membrane for the substance to be separated off, the migration of the substance into the membrane and the diffusibility thereof through the membrane are important factors. The ideal condition for the affinity and the migration of the substance into the membrane is the compatibility between the substance and the membrane material, permitting each to dissolve in the other. Further to assure satisfactory diffusibility, the molecules must retain flexibility even at low temperatures, while permitting the membrane to retain its shape at all times. Thus, it is required for developing membranes to search for a material which can be made into a membrane structure having a uniform distribution of pores suited to the intended purpose and also for a material which can be made into a thin membrane of desired strength to achieve a high permeability.
Since the 1960's intensive research has been carried out on polyphosphazenes by H. R. Allcock et al. For example, Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 5, No. 10, p. 1709 (1966), etc. disclose that such a compound can be prepared by subjecting hexachlorotriphosphonitrile to ring-opening polymerization and to alkoxylation as represented by the following scheme, while it is also known that similar reactions can be carried out using amines. ##STR2##
Many polyphosphazene compounds have been synthesized by these methods. We have directed attention to the flexible characteristics of the phosphazene skeleton represented by many items of data accumulated as to the properties and conceived utilization of the characteristics.
On the other hand, secondary batteries presently in wide use include lead batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries wherein the single-cell voltage is about 2 V, and an aqueous solution is used. In recent years, efforts are made in investigate and develop secondary batteries of high energy density which give a high single-cell voltage of at least 3 V and include a negative electrode of lithium. However, when lithium is used which reacts with water or the like, aprotic electrolytes must be used since aqueous electrolytes are not usable. Although polar organic solvents are presently in wide use, a majority of these solvents have a
REFERENCES:
patent: 4556614 (1985-12-01), Mehaute et al.
patent: 4675260 (1987-06-01), Sakurai
Nakacho Yoshifumi
Tada Yuji
Yamada Sinichi
Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
Skapars Anthony
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