Alkylation reactions

Details Alkylation reactions Alkylation reactions

1996-09-13

1998-09-22

Caldarola, Glenn

Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds

Saturated compound synthesis

By condensation of a paraffin molecule with an olefin-acting...

585709, 585722, 585723, 585724, 585730, 585731, C07C 258, C07C 256

Patent

active

058116273

ABSTRACT:
Improved acid catalyzed alkylation reactions occur for the addition of a hydrocarbyl reactant to an alkene, by the optimized addition of an oxidizing agent, such as a peroxide, molecular oxygen, ozone, peracid, and one or more of the peroxide, molecular oxygen, ozone, or peracid mixed with at least one material selected from the group consisting of the hydrocarbyl reactant, and the alkene. The hydrocarbyl reactant contains at least one tertiary carbon atom attached to hydrogen, such as isobutane. The alkene is preferably an alkene of at least 2 carbon atoms. Suitable peroxides are found in the group consisting of: tert-butyl peroxyneopentanoate ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--OCO--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3); acetyl peroxide (CH.sub.3 CO--O--OCOCH.sub.3); di-tert-butyl peroxide ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3); hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) and peracids of carboxylic acid having up to 10 carbon atoms, and a general chemical formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n O.sub.3, where n has values in the range 2-10. Examples of peracids having the general chemical formula are: perisopentanoic acid: (CH.sub.3).sub.3 CCO--O.sub.2 H corresponding to C.sub.5 H.sub.10 O.sub.3); peracetic acid: CH.sub.3 CO--O.sub.2 H corresponding to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O.sub.3. Kolbe-like reactions are also used to directly or indirectly to catalyze the addition to an alkene of hydrocarbyl materials containing a tertiary carbon bonded to hydrogen through a free radical on the tertiary carbon of isobutane or of a "branched tertiary alkyl carbon" hydrocarbyl reactant. Preferably, the carboxylate group is attached to either the tertiary carbon of isobutane or a "branched tertiary alkyl carbon".

REFERENCES:
patent: 5557028 (1996-09-01), Welsh

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