Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Patent
1996-04-08
1998-01-27
Maples, John S.
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
429247, 429248, H01M 1024, H01M 216
Patent
active
057120609
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to electrical engineering and may be used for the production of alkaline storage cells based on various electrochemical systems, such as nickel-zinc, nickel-cadmium, nickel-iron, silver-zinc, silver-cadmium, etc.
BACKGROUND ART
Alkaline storage cells may be regarded as highly promising self-contained power supply sources. They were developed as an alternative to lead storage cells which have poor specific electric parameters, inadequately short service life, and require servicing during intermittent operation. Alkaline cells do not have these drawbacks and, in principle, may have a service life of from 10 to 15 years, which is equivalent to up to 4000 and more working cycles (Ref. V. S. Bagetsky, A.M. Skukdin--Chemical Electric Current Sources, Moscow, Energoizdat Publisher, 1981, pp. 171-176, 192--195).
However, the following adverse phenomena prevent the potentialitis of alkaline storage cells from being realized: and, ultimately, failure of the cell; negative electrode, thereby reducing cell capacity; to peeling-off and crumbling of the active mass.
Various steps are taken to overcome these adverse phenomena, such as, making use of multilayer composite cell separators, making the negative electrode capacity superfluous, closely packing the electrodes during assembly, using swelling cell separators, and using different electrode structures, such as lamellar, pressed, coated, metal-ceramic, etc.
Known in the prior art is an alkaline storage cell comprising a casing, electrolyte, a negative zinc electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator interposed between the electrodes (F.R.G. Pat. No. 1,496,294; C1. H OI M Mar. 4, 1971. In order to slow down the growth of dendrites, which lead to short circuiting of the electrodes, this cell employs a separator that has a smooth surface facing its negative electrode and grooves on the surface facing its positive electrode. The oxygen released at the positive electrode during charging diffuses through pores in the separator to the negative electrode, where it oxidizes the zinc dendrites.
It is the superfluous capacity of the zinc electrode, in that cell which causes deterioration of its specific characteristics. Moreover, to prevent overcharge of the zinc electrode and to avoid dendrite growth, it is necessary to periodically discharge the cell practically to zero.
Also known in the prior art is an alkaline storage cell comprising a casing, filled with an alkaline electrode solution, a positive electrode, and a negative zinc electrode, the electrodes being separated by a multilayer separator (U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,414; ClH OI M Oct. 24, 1983). Provision for a multilayer separator makes it possible to increase the useful life of the cell by providing the latter with mechanical protection against short circuiting. However, a drawback of the known cell is the limitation of its useful life due to short circuiting of the electrodes as a result of the destruction of separator and subsequent growth of dendrites through the separator. Besides, the oxygen released at the positive electrode diffuses to the negative electrode to cause its passivation through oxidation.
Also known in the prior art is an alkaline storage cell comprising a casing, an alkaline electrolyte solution, a positive electrode and a negative zinc electrode. The electrodes are separated by a multilayer separator comprising a membrane which is permeable to the electrolyte, but impermeable to the ions leaving the negative electrode and to the gaseous oxygen released at the positive electrode (U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,423, Cl. H OI M Feb. 14, 1979). The presence of the aforesaid membrane in the cell separator prevents the transfer of mass from the negative to the positive electrode, and the diffusion-mediated transfer of oxygen to the negative electrode. Nevertheless, the formation of dendrites and the short circuiting of the electrodes in this cell also shorten its useful life.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to develop
REFERENCES:
patent: 1496294 (1924-06-01), Brown
patent: 3920478 (1975-11-01), Kozawa
patent: 3957534 (1976-05-01), Linkohr et al.
patent: 4015055 (1977-03-01), Langan et al.
patent: 4157423 (1979-06-01), Gadesaaud
patent: 4298666 (1981-11-01), Taskier
patent: 4378414 (1983-03-01), Furukawa et al.
patent: 5532087 (1996-07-01), Nerz et al.
M. Maksimovic, P. Rakin, D. Keca, K. Popov and M. Vojnovic "Nickel-zinc battery with a soluble negative electrode and the auxiliary electrode"; Hemijska Industrija. Journal of Federation of Chemists and Technologists of Yugoslavia, Beograd, No. 2, Feb. 1976, pp. 57-60.
V.S. Bagotskii, A.M. Skundin "Chemical Power Supply"; Moscow Energoizdat 1981. (Month n/a).
Hemijska industrija, vol. 30, No. 2, opubl. 1976 (izd. Stampa, Beograd) M. Maksimovic, "Nikl cink akumulator sa rastvornom negativnom elektrodom i pomocnom elektrodom", pp. 57-60 (Month n/a).
V.S. Bagotsky, A.M. Skundin--Chemical Electric Current Sources, Moscow, Energoizdat Publishers, 1981, pp. 171-178, 192-195. (Month n/a).
Chizhik Semen Petrovich
Grigorieva Ljudmila Konstantinovna
Medvedkov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Pavlov Alexandr Petrovich
Soldatenko Vladimir Andreevich
Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakrytogo Tipa "Avtouaz"
Maples John S.
LandOfFree
Alkaline storage cell does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Alkaline storage cell, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Alkaline storage cell will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-340466