Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Electrode
Patent
1999-04-22
2000-06-20
Nuzzolillo, Maria
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Electrode
429224, 4292181, 429209, 429165, 423594, 423599, H01M 1024, H01M 432
Patent
active
060776269
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an alkali storage battery such as a nickel-zinc storage battery, a nickel-cadmium storage battery, or a nickel-metal hydride storage battery using nickel hydroxide for its positive electrode and a method of charging, and more particularly, to an alkali storage battery, whose energy density can be increased by suppressing oxygen gas evolution during the charging and a method of charging.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally in an alkali storage battery such as a nickel-zinc storage battery, a nickel-cadmium storage battery, or a nickel-metal hydride storage battery, nickel hydroxide has been generally used as a cathode active material for its positive electrode.
In the case of the alkali storage battery thus using nickel hydroxide as a cathode active material for its positive electrode, electrochemical reversibility is very superior. However, oxygen gas is easily generated from the positive electrode during the charging. Consequently, this oxygen gas evolution makes it difficult for batteries to charge.
In addition, the pressure rises in the battery by oxygen gas evolution, so that an electrolyte solution (hereinafter referred to as an electrolyte) leaks from the battery, and charge/discharge cycle performance is degraded.
In the above-mentioned alkali storage battery, various methods have been conventionally considered. For example, a void inside the battery has been enlarged in order to prevent the pressure in the battery from rising by oxygen gas evolution, and the area of its negative electrode has been increased in order to absorb oxygen gas at the negative electrode.
In such a case, however, there are some problems. For example, the energy density of the alkali storage battery is decreased. Therefore, a battery capacity cannot be obtained sufficiently.
On the other hand, when manganese dioxide electrode is used for a positive electrode of an alkali manganese battery, it is possible to suppress the oxygen gas evolution during the charging. However, the reversibility of manganese dioxide electrode is very poor.
There have been conventionally various developments in order to improve characteristics in an alkali storage battery using nickel hydroxide as an active material for its positive electrode as described above.
Proposed as the developments include one where at least one type of manganese, silver, cobalt and their compounds are mixed with nickel hydroxide to produce a large-capacity nickel electrode, as disclosed in JP, 54-4334, A; one containing a manganese compound in a positive electrode to obtain a battery which is hardly self-discharged and has a low life, as disclosed in JP, 5-121073, A; one containing at least one type of cadmium, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, cobalt and manganese in an active material composed of powdered nickel hydroxide, to inhibit swelling of a positive electrode and improve the energy density and the cycle life, as disclosed in JP, 5-21064, A; and one where that not less than 50% of manganese exists in a state where its valence is 3 in nickel hydroxide containing manganese, to improve the active material utilization of nickel hydroxide, as disclosed in JP, 7-335214, A.
Even in the developments disclosed in the above-mentioned publications, a method of effectively suppressing oxygen gas evolution during the charging is not disclosed. Therefore, the pressure in the battery still rises by oxygen gas evolution, so that there are some problems. For example, an electrolyte leaks from the battery, and charge/discharge cycle performance is degraded.
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in an alkali storage battery such as a nickel-zinc storage battery, a nickel-cadmium storage battery, or a nickel-metal hydride storage battery using nickel hydroxide as a cathode active material for its positive electrode.
Specifically, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to simply suppress, in an alkali storage battery using nickel hydroxide as a cathode active material for its positive e
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Fujitani Shin
Maeda Reizo
Nishio Koji
Nogami Mitsuzou
Suzuki Syuichi
Alejandro Raymond
Nuzzolillo Maria
Sanyo Electric Co,. Ltd.
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