Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Reexamination Certificate
1998-11-25
2001-04-24
Weiner, Laura (Department: 1745)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
C429S219000, C429S220000, C429S231200, C429S231500
Reexamination Certificate
active
06221534
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy, and more particularly, to an alkali metal electrochemical cell having a transition metal chalcogenide activated with a nonaqueous electrolyte including a passivation inhibitor additive provided therein.
2. Prior Art
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,310,609 and 4,391,729 to Liang et al. disclose the preparation of silver vanadium oxide as a cathode material for use in a nonaqueous electrolyte battery. These patents describe the preparation of silver vanadium oxide by a thermal decomposition reaction involving a final heat treatment step of about 360° C.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,940 to Keister et al. describes a solid cathode, liquid organic electrolyte, lithium cell for delivering high current pulses. The solid cathode includes as an active material Ag
x
V
2
O
y
wherein x is in the range from about 0.5 to about 2.0 and y is in the range from about 4.5 to 6.0. Keister et al. reference the publication “Effect of Silver Content on the Performance of Primary Lithium/Silver Vanadium Oxide Batteries”, E. S. Takeuchi and P. Keister, Electrochemical Society, Oct. 13-18, 1985, Las Vegas, Nevada, Abstract No. 125, which describes the preparation of silver vanadium oxide at about 360° C. from the thermal decomposition of silver nitrate and vanadium pentoxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,453 to Crespi discloses the preparation of silver vanadium oxide by a chemical addition reaction (combination of AgVO
3
and V
2
O
5
or Ag
2
O and V
2
O
5
) in a temperature range of about 300° C. to about 700° C. The chemical addition reaction is described as being distinct from the thermal decomposition reaction described by Liang et al. and Keister et al.
In the publication R. A. Leising and E. S. Takeuchi,
Chemistry of Materials,
5, 738-742 (1993) the preparation of silver vanadium oxide by the thermal decomposition of AgNO
3
and V
2
O
5
at temperatures of 320° C., 375° C., 450° C., and 540° C. is described. That publication also reports discharge results of experimental Li/SVO cells containing those variously prepared silver vanadium oxide materials activated with 1M LiAsF
6
PC/DME electrolyte. The 375° C. prepared SVO material gave slightly higher delivered capacity than the 450° C. material, and significantly higher capacity than the SVO material prepared at 540° C. The delivered capacity of these cells was measured using a constant resistance discharge over a short period of time (less than 2 days).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,389 to Gan et al. describes the use of organic carbonate additives in nonaqueous electrolyte lithium batteries to reduce or eliminate voltage delay.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte, alkali metal/transition metal chalcogenide electrochemical cell and, in particular, a lithium/silver vanadium oxide electrochemical cell designed for high current pulse discharge applications while exhibiting reduced or no appreciable voltage delay and reduced RDC build-up. An example of such an application is an implantable cardiac defibrillator, where the battery may run under a light load, device monitoring mode for extended periods of time interrupted by high rate, current pulse discharge during device activation.
Voltage delay is a phenomenon typically exhibited in an alkali metal/transition metal chalcogenide cell, and particularly a lithium/silver vanadium oxide cell, that has been depleted of about 40o to about 70% of its capacity and is subjected to current pulse discharge applications. The occurrence of voltage delay is detrimental because it may result in delayed device activation and shortened device life. RDC build-up is characterized by an increase in cell resistance exhibited in lithium/silver vanadium oxide cells that have been depleted of about 50% to about 100% of their capacity. RDC build-up also results in a lowering of pulse minimum voltages during high rate discharge, which in turn limits the life of the battery.
The desirable decrease in both voltage delay and RDC build-up is realized in lithium cells that, according to the present invention, contain a transition metal chalcogenide active material, and most preferably silver vanadium oxide, prepared at a temperature of about 400° C. or greater, and preferably in a range of about 450° C to about 500° C and are activated with an electrolyte comprising 1M LiAsF
6
dissolved in a 50:50 mixture, by volume, of PC and DMC having a passivation inhibitor additive provided therein. The increase in usable cell capacity, and subsequent increase in battery life using this new combination is unexpected based on the published capacity data for SVO prepared at 450° C. and discharged under quick discharge conditions. In the published report, the 450° C. SVO gave less capacity than SVO prepared at 375° C.
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R.A. Leising and E.S. Takeuchi, Chemistry of Materials, 5,738-742 (1993).
Gan Hong
Leising Randolph A.
Takeuchi Esther S.
Russ LLP Hodgson
Weiner Laura
Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.
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