Radiant energy – Photocells; circuits and apparatus – Optical or pre-photocell system
Patent
1980-06-18
1982-12-28
Nelms, David C.
Radiant energy
Photocells; circuits and apparatus
Optical or pre-photocell system
250577, G01N 1506
Patent
active
043663842
ABSTRACT:
Air bubbles in a transparent intravenous solution conduit are detected, regardless of whether the solution is opaque or clear, by directing a light source at the conduit and detecting light shining through the solution with a first light sensor while detecting light reflected from the interior wall of the conduit with a second light sensor. If liquid is present in the conduit, whether clear or opaque, one sensor will see a low light level while the other sees a high level. If air is present, both sensors see a high light level. By EXCLUSIVE-OR'ing the outputs of the two sensors, a logic signal is obtained which is high only when the presence of liquid in the conduit is being detected. Means using two sensor assemblies spaced axially along the conduit, and a counter associated with each, are also provided to allow passage of minor air bubbles, and to provide a backup signal representative of a predetermined volume of air passing either assembly independently of the other.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3618061 (1971-11-01), Livers
patent: 3636360 (1972-01-01), Oishi et al.
patent: 3900396 (1975-08-01), Lamadrid
patent: 3908441 (1975-09-01), Virloget
patent: 4123227 (1978-10-01), Heim et al.
Cutter Laboratories, Inc.
Nelms David C.
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