Multiplex communications – Pathfinding or routing – Switching a message which includes an address header
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-20
2002-09-10
Kim, Kenneth S. (Department: 2183)
Multiplex communications
Pathfinding or routing
Switching a message which includes an address header
C370S355000, C370S392000, C370S409000, C709S238000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06449279
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing connection aggregation within a switched communications network in which pre-established paths are provided in order to reduce the total number of connections required between switches.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most data communications networks today rely heavily on shared-media, packet-based LAN technologies for both access and backbone connections. These networks use bridges and routers to connect multiple LANs into global internets. However, such router-based networks cannot provide the high bandwidth and quality of service required by the latest networking applications and new faster workstations.
Switched networking is a proposed solution intended to provide additional bandwidth and quality of service. In such networks, the physical routers and hubs are replaced by switches and a management system is optionally provided for monitoring the configuration of the switches. The overall goal is to provide a scalable high-performance network where all links between switches can be used concurrently for connections.
One proposal is to establish a VLAN switch domain. A VLAN is a “virtual local area network” of users having full connectivity (sharing broadcast, multicast and unicast messages) independent of any particular physical or geographical location. In other words, users that share a virtual LAN appear to be on a single LAN segment regardless of their actual location. Although the term “VLAN” is widely used as a new method of solving the increasing demand for bandwidth, the effectiveness of existing VLAN systems is wholly dependent on the particular implementation. For example, a VLAN implementation which allows VLAN assignments to end systems, as well as ports, provides a more effective means of VLAN groupings. Other performance-determining characteristics include the manner of resolving unknown destination and broadcast traffic (which consume both network bandwidth and end system CPU bandwidth), the ability to allow transmission out multiple ports, hop-by-hop switching determinations (as opposed to determination of a complete path at the call-originating switch), and whether multi-protocol routers are required to enable transmission between separate VLANs.
Each of these may have an important effect on the total number of connections in trunk switches, the CPU load in the trunk switches, the speed of connection setup, and the scalability of the system, i.e., ability to maintain performance with increasing numbers of end stations and/or switches.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a method and apparatus are provided for connection-oriented switching in a communications network. In a connection-oriented communication, a logical association is established between a source end station and a destination end station, so that several separate groups of data (“a data flow”) may be sent along the same path that is defined by the logical association. This is distinguished from connectionless communications, wherein each frame of data is transmitted node-by-node independently of the previous frame.
In general, there are three phases which occur during a connection-oriented communication: connection establishment; data transfer; and connection termination. In the connection establishment phase, the first time a source has data to be sent to a destination, a logical association, also called a connection or a path, is established between the source and the destination. The connection defines nodes and connections between the nodes, for example, the switches between the source and destination, and the ports of the switches through which the data will pass. The path set up at the establishment phase is the path on which the data will be transmitted for the duration of the active connection. During the data transfer phase, data is transmitted from the source to the destination along the connection, which includes the port-to-port connections of the switches. Generally, after a certain amount of time, or at the occurrence of a certain event, the connection enters the termination phase, in which the connection is terminated, and the switches which made up the connection are freed to support other connections.
In accordance with the present invention, a technique referred to as “connection aggregation” is provided in order to reduce the total number of connections required between the switches (i.e., inside the switch cloud). Connection aggregation entails providing a pre-established path between a select pair of an ingress switch (connected to the source end station) and an egress switch (connected to the destination end station). By establishing predetermined paths, only the ingress and egress switches need be involved in the connection setup phase, thereby reducing the connection setup time. In addition, providing predetermined paths reduces the number of connections required to be maintained in the trunk switches, and reduces the CPU load in each trunk switch.
In accordance with the invention, a “virtual path ID” is used to describe the path to be taken between an ingress device and egress device (i.e., switches). A “virtual circuit ID” is used to describe which two endpoints (i.e., source and destination end stations) are attached by the virtual path. In one embodiment described herein, the destination address (DA) and source address (SA) fields in a MAC frame packet are replaced with the virtual path ID, the virtual circuit ID is inserted in a VLAN-ID field, and a packet identifier marking this as an aggregated packet is added to create a modified packet which is then sent on the pre-established path to the egress switch. In this embodiment, the 96-bit virtual path ID includes a 48-bit destination MAC address of the in-port of the egress switch (to which the destination end station is connected). The virtual path ID also includes a 24-bit path identifier (
02
:PP:PP) in which the local administered bit is set, and the remaining 16 bits (PP:PP) identify one of 65K unique paths to the egress switch. Because the virtual path ID must be unique not only to a particular switch, but also unique within the switch cloud, the last 24 bits (of the virtual path ID) contain the lower 24 bits of the ingress switch MAC address (XX:YY:ZZ). The ingress and egress switches exchange their MAC addresses so each has the necessary information. Each switch on the predetermined virtual path has been set, prior to the connection setup phase, by for example entering a connection in its switching table (connection database) which maps an in-port and out-port to the virtual path ID.
The virtual circuit ID is assigned during the connection setup phase by the egress switch and sent to the ingress switch in response to the connection request. When the modified packet is received by the egress switch, the virtual circuit is used to restore the original packet in order to send the restored packet to the destination end station. The other switches in the path, between the ingress and egress switches, do not need to use the virtual circuit field in the forwarding decision.
These and other aspects of the present invention will be more fully described in the following detailed description and drawings.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4736363 (1988-04-01), Aubin et al.
patent: 5119369 (1992-06-01), Tanabe et al.
patent: 5485455 (1996-01-01), Dobbins et al.
patent: 5699347 (1997-12-01), Callon
patent: 5825772 (1998-10-01), Dobbins et al.
patent: 6108708 (2000-08-01), Iwata
Belser David
Bussiere Richard
Cioli Jeff
Fee Brendan
Haggerty William T.
Enterasys Networks Inc.
Kim Kenneth S.
Wolf Greenfield & Sacks P.C.
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