Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Organic material-containing
Patent
1994-11-14
1997-06-10
Lander, Ferris
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Organic material-containing
71902, C05C 900, C05G 308
Patent
active
056371314
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention refers to agent combinations to inhibit or control respectively nitrification of ammonium nitrogen--particularly originating from mineral and organic fertilizers--in cultivated soils and substrates.
For the purpose of reducing ammonium nitrogen losses in soils due to nitrification and, thus, considerably improving utilization of fertilizing nitrogen on the one hand and minimizing nitrate load on ground and surface waters on the other hand, the soil is usually supplied with suitable substances which cause the inhibition or control respectively of the nitrification process.
It is well-known that substituted pyrazoles (U.S. Pat. No. 3,494,757, DD 131 063, DD 133 088 and DE 4 018 395), chemical complex compounds (DD 230 523 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,523,940) as well as metal salts of unsubstituted pyrazole (JA 72-47 182) and of substituted pyrazoles (U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,642) inhibit the nitrification process. Dicyandiamide has the same properties (DE 2 531 962, JA 73-90 850, FR 1 232 366). It was furthermore shown that agent combinations of substituted pyrazoles and/or their azolium salts as well as dicyandiamide induce synergistically conditioned improvements of retardation of the nitrification process (DD 222 471).
It is the object of the invention to develop agent combinations of improved synergistic action as regards the inhibition or control respectively of ammonium nitrogen nitrification and therefore allow them to be applied more effectively as compared to individual compounds or the known combinations.
It was found that agent combinations which consist of at least one compound of the general formula I ##STR2## with M with n=1 and greater than 1--in case of coordination compounds--standing for several mono- and multivalent metal ions, preferably for alkaline earth, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Cr, Mo and Al, but being negated with n=0 in case of metal salts of substituted pyrazoles, preferably ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth, the 3-methylpyrazolium cation in case of anion complexes and additionally Fe an Al in case of metal salts; b being in the range of 0 to 4, inorganic or organic anions such as acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, thiocyanate with q being in the range of 0 to 6, of no significance in case of pyrazolates, ##STR3## result in a considerable improve of inhibition of the nitrification process.
The effect is surprising from the chemist's point of view because it was to be expected that the guanidine being formed in the soil in the course of DCD-decomposition--which is stronger basic and therefore more nucleophilic (Rathsack: Landwirtschaftliche Forschung 7/1954/55 p. 116 . . . 123)--would expel the differently substituted pyrazoles with less ligand properties, from their coordination sphere by ligand replacement reactions. This way, the residual effect would be affected and, thus, the increased expenditure for the production/application of coordination compounds in the combination according to the invention would not be justified.
The improved nitrification inhibition of the combination according to the invention manifests itself in an extended long-time action and is definitely based on synergistic effects.
These improvements of synergistic effects appear within the following range of mixing ratios of both combination partners: 1 to 1 up to 1 to 400, but preferably 1 to 10 up to 1 to 100 (compound according to formula I:dicyandiamide).
As the results--including several structural options--show, dicyandiamide embodies the synergist to the individual coordination compounds. Therefore, the combinations according to the invention have the advantage to show higher residual effects as against the individual compounds as well as the known agent combination of substituted pyrazoles with DCD and, thus, the quantity of application can be considerably reduced with the long-time action being improved. This results in lower process costs, a reduction of the load on the ecological system and the possibility of earlier application of nitrogen fertilizers.
The combinations according to the invention
REFERENCES:
patent: 4523940 (1985-06-01), Arndt et al.
Bohland Heinz
Grabarse Margit
Hartbrich Hans J.
Lang Sieghard
Michel Hans J.
Feiereisen Henry M.
Lander Ferris
SKW Stickstoffwerke Piesteritz GmbH
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