Aerodynamic projectiles and methods of making the same

Details Aerodynamic projectiles and methods of making the same Aerodynamic projectiles and methods of making the same

1999-03-10

2001-05-15

Carone, Michael J. (Department: 3641)

Ammunition and explosives

Projectiles

Target marking

C102S511000, C102S502000, C102S529000, C102S508000, C102S509000, C102S501000, C102S477000, C102S478000, C244S003230, C244S003240

Reexamination Certificate

active

06230630

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to aerodynamic projectiles and methods for forming the same which are typically fired by compressed gas guns. More particularly, the invention relates to projectiles having an aerodynamic structure and a controlled center of gravity which exhibits improved aerodynamics and resulting accuracy. Preferably, the projectile is a non-lethal projectile.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Compressed gas guns which fire non-lethal projectiles known as paint balls are typically used to mark individuals for future identification without causing injury. Such non-lethal projectiles are used by sportsmen, police, military and other security forces to mark targeted persons participating in mock war games and other training exercises. While these paint balls may also be used during riots as a means of crowd control or in any other situation which mandates a “less than lethal” attack or defense strategy, they provide little deterrence other than marking the targeted individual with paint.
Traditionally, non-lethal projectiles developed for the purpose of riot control have mainly consisted of rubber bullets which often penetrate the skin causing severe injury to the target. Such rubber bullets have often caused much more severe injury than intended. Further, where no injury occurs, the targeted individual may escape identification.
Recently, paint ball projectiles made of a plastic, such as polystyrene, were developed to fracture in a predetermined pattern upon impact with a target. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,254,379 and 5,639,526 (the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety) provide a plastic paint ball constructed of a linear polymer of sufficient strength to transport, load, and fire out of a compressed gas gun, which is molecularly oriented such that, upon application of a force at any impact point on the paint ball shell, the shell fractures in a way that greatly reduces the risk of injury. Further, because the plastic paint ball is not water soluble like a gelatinous one, it is not sensitive to the environment and can be filled with a wide variety of components, including aqueous dyes, powders and solids.
While such plastic paint balls effectively mark a target without injury, they do not adequately stun or immobilize a target, as is needed for the purpose of riot control. Further, traditional paint balls, whether the shell is formed from gelatin or plastic, suffer from inaccuracy, especially when launched from a distance greater than 100 feet from the target. This inaccuracy is due, in part, to the spherical shape and smooth surface of the paint ball projectile. The spherical shape creates an irregular, turbulent flow around the projectile causing an unstable flight pattern. Also, when a smooth surfaced paint ball is fired from a smooth-bore, uniform barrel, the result is a ball generally without spin, which behaves unpredictably. Additionally, due to inherent manufacturing difficulties, most paint ball projectiles are not perfectly spherical. For example, gelatinous paint balls tend to be at least 0.015″ out of round. While plastic shells are usually only about 0.002″ out of round, even this seemingly small oblong shape imparts inaccuracy to the fired paint ball projectile.
Another problem is that the effective range of current paint ball projectiles is very limited. This is because paint balls are typically large projectiles, are not very dense, and are fired at low muzzle velocities, all of which creates a substantial amount of drag in comparison to the momentum provided to the paint ball upon firing with a compressed gas gun.
Thus, there remains a need for a projectile that is effective in marking and stunning, or otherwise immobilizing, a target. Preferably marking occurs without causing serious injury or death to the target. There remains a further need to produce such a projectile that has increased accuracy and range when used with the launching power of compressed gas guns.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides an improved projectile that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and is useful for the purpose of riot control. The present invention preferably provides a non-lethal projectile which shell fractures upon impact and has sufficient mass to stun or otherwise immobilize the target and mark the target preferably without killing or seriously injuring the target.
A projectile shell of a first embodiment of the present invention comprises a generally hemispherical portion and a generally cylindrical portion. The hemispherical portion has a wall with an inner surface and an outer surface wherein the inner surface forms a hemispheric interior volume. The cylindrical portion also has a wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and the inner surface forms a hemispheric interior volume having the same general shape and volume as the interior volume of the hemispherical portion. The hemispherical portion is joined to the cylindrical portion at a rim. Preferably, the cylindrical portion has a length which is at least about equal to one-half the diameter of the hemispherical portion.
Also preferably, the projectile shell is formed from a linear polymer such as polystyrene which is molecularly oriented along circumferential lines in the hemispherical portion extending from the apex of the hemispherical portion toward the cylindrical portion. In one embodiment of the present invention, the projectile shell hemispherical portion has a wall thickness of from about 0.005 inches to about 0.040 inches. Preferably, the wall thickness at or near the rim is greater than the wall thickness at the apex of the hemispherical portion. The cylindrical portion has a wall thickness of from about 0.025 inches to about 0.050 inches measured at or near the rim where the cylindrical portion is joined to the hemispherical portion.
The projectile shell of the present invention may further comprise a circular insert having a first wall facing the interior volume of the hemispherical portion and a second wall facing the interior volume of the cylindrical portion. The circular insert is placed between the hemispherical and cylindrical portions prior to joining the hemispherical portion to the cylindrical portion. The circular insert effectively isolates the interior volume of the hemispherical portion from the interior volume of the cylindrical portion. Preferably, the circular insert has a thickness of from about 0.010 inches to about 0.040 inches and a diameter of from about 0.620 inches to about 0.635 inches.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a projectile shell is provided which comprises a generally hemispherical portion and a frustum portion. The hemispherical portion has a wall with an inner surface and an outer surface wherein the inner surface forms a hemispheric interior volume. The frustum portion also has a wall having an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface forms an interior volume having the same general shape and volume as the interior volume of the hemispherical portion. The frustum has a diameter at its wide end which is about equal to the diameter of the hemispherical portion and a length which is at least about equal to one-half of that diameter. The hemispherical portion is joined to the wide end of the frustum portion at a rim.
Preferably, the projectile shell of the second embodiment of the present invention is formed from a linear polymer such as polystyrene which is molecularly oriented along circumferential lines in the hemispherical portion extending from the apex of the hemispherical portion toward the frustum portion. In one embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention, the projectile shell hemispherical portion has a wall thickness of from about 0.005 inches to about 0.040 inches. Preferably, the wall thickness at or near the rim is greater than the wall thickness at the apex of the hemispherical portion. The frustum portion has a wall thickness of from about 0.025 inches to about 0.050 inches measured at or near the rim where the frust

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