Planting – Plant setting
Reexamination Certificate
2001-03-29
2003-01-28
Novosad, Christopher J. (Department: 3671)
Planting
Plant setting
C111S104000, C111S118000, C111S200000, C111S919000, C111S920000, C239S171000, C239S302000, C239S550000, C239S562000, C244S00100R, C244S030000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06510805
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to the field of reforestation by an airship, including a continuing watering source in the reforestation process.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lighter-than-air, airship that offers particular utility as a system for reforestation after a devastating fire, such as in mountain regions where access by land vehicles is not convenient. Vast and furious forest fires are an unfortunate fact of life for many people, especially in the western states of the United States.
Forest fires are presently controlled by ground personnel using backfires and fire breaks, and by air drops of fire-fighting materials from helicopters and fixed wing airplanes. These methods put large numbers of personnel at risk and the payloads of fire-fighting aircraft are very small. The air drops are high impact, which are a danger to ground personnel and particularly inefficient because they are so concentrated. They are the equivalent of dropping a pail of water on a stadium fire. With time and much effort, the fire is extinguished leaving a large burned and charred area. Replanting becomes the order of the day, but access to such an area is difficult or impossible by land vehicles and personnel.
There are a number of different airborne type apparatus that is known for fighting fires, but none are suitable for the follow up task of reforestation. Such types of apparatus are illustrated and described in the following U.S. Patents:
a.) U.S. Pat. No. 3,710,868, to Chadwick, teaches a bucket, for suspension from the cargo hook of a helicopter, where the bucket is provided with a plurality of valves and valve actuating means presenting a low profile and compact construction. The valve actuating means depend from arms extending inwardly from the bucket sides.
b.) U.S. Pat. No. 3,828,857, to Mason, relates to a container which may be filled by immersing the lower portion thereof into a fluid and allowing the fluid to enter the container through a main valve and a number of one-way secondary valves in this lower portion. The main valve is connected to a float which closes the valve when a predetermined level of fluid has entered the container. The secondary valves are closed by the action of the fluid when the container is raised from the reservoir of fluid. The main valve is held closed by a latch mechanism which may be tripped from a remote station allowing the valve to open and discharge the fluid from the container.
c.) U.S. Pat. No. 3,897,829, to Eason, describes an airborne fire suppression unit adaptable for installation on an aircraft, particularly, a helicopter, for fighting fires in locations inaccessible to other types of fire fighting equipment. The fire suppression unit comprises a fluid reservoir tank mountable on the floor within the aircraft body, a boom assembly having a nozzle mounted thereon adaptable for coupling with the reservoir tank and a motor-driven pump for directing fluid under pressure from the tank to the nozzle, all adapted for rapid detachable mounting to the aircraft. The boom assembly is mountable so as to extend the nozzle laterally from the aircraft, and is rotatably connected at its mounting point so as to reciprocate laterally with respect to the aircraft. The nozzle is pivotally secured to the extended end of the bottom to reciprocate in a substantially vertical plane. Manually powered control means, operable from within the aircraft to regulate the position of the boom assembly and nozzle, respectively, are provided. A suction conduit coupled with the pump inlet port and adaptable to extend from the helicopter into a body of fluid is provided to permit rapid refilling of the reservoir tank while a fire is in progress. Selectable valve means coupling the pump with the nozzle, tank and suction conduit, respectively, permit the pump to direct fluid either from the tank to the nozzle for fire-fighting purposes, or from the suction conduit to the tank for refilling purposes, or alternatively recirculate the fluid through the tank when neither the nozzle nor suction conduit are being utilized.
d.) U.S. Pat. No. 4,344,489, to Bonaparte, is directed to a forest fire extinguishing device comprising a projectile filled with an inert gas under pressure which is dropped into a fire and automatically disperses the gas. When the device impacts the ground, a plurality of ports are simultaneously opened, allowing the fire extinguishing material to be expelled over a prescribed area.
e.) U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,389, to MacDonald et al., teaches a fluid dispensing system for an aircraft. The system, between the open and closed positions, includes a bottom door panel controlling release of fluid from an airborne container containing the fluid, and is governed by both the height of the fluid in the container and the instantaneous position of the door panel.
f) U.S. Pat. No. 4,979,571, to MacDonald, relates to an apparatus for producing a delayed foaming action in mixed liquids useful as suppressants for fire area control and curtailment of chemical spills. The apparatus is self-powered and sized to be transported to a target area by a variety of land and sea vehicles as delivery platforms. The apparatus is particularly designed for airborne delivery and is especially adaptable to helicopter applications.
g.) U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,717, to McBay et al., describes a fire extinguishing capsule for the cooling and quenching of destructive fires. The fire extinguishing capsule comprises two double-walled hemishapes which are sealed together by an equatorial belt seal which may be ruptured in order to disperse the extinguishant in the capsule. The capsule may be suspended from a hook and ladder system, for example, a helicopter in the case of forest fires, oil well fires, or transported by sled to a fire scene.
It is clear from the foregoing prior art and known experiences that the traditional modes of employing aircraft type systems are limited in function and scope, such as helicopters and fixed wing airplanes, all of which are heavier-than-air. The present invention represents a dramatic departure from the traditional modes and uses of a lighter-than-air vehicle, particularly in the reforestation of devastated fire areas, with means for the continuous supply of water to enhance planting and nourishing process. The manner by which the present invention brings these goals to fruition will become more apparent in the description which follows, especially when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a lighter-than-air, tree planting and water dispensing airship system for reforestation of devastated fire areas, where access by vehicles may be limited. It should be noted that a preferred embodiment for the system hereof is that of fighting fires, the subject of the co-pending application. However, an alternate embodiment for the system hereof, lies in the use of the lighter-than-air airship for aerial planting of tree saplings, the focus of this application. Further uses are contemplated by the system hereof, such as fertilizing large fields, insect spraying along coastal or swampy regions, irrigation, air quality measurement and monitoring. Notwithstanding the above, reforestation of devastated fire areas remains the preferred alternative in the lighter-than-air airship system of this invention.
The system of the invention comprises a lighter-than-air airship which is a gas containing envelope supported by a semi-rigid keel or skeleton. Helium is contained therewithin as the lifting force for the airship. Externally, the airship features a pilot cabin, plural engines, and stabilizing means for controlling the steering and hovering of the airship. In this preferred alternate embodiment, the airship system includes a liquid storage and distribution mechanism, including an externally accessible reservoir for resupplying or replenishing the liquid for eventual distribution over the reforested area. The liquid storage and distribution mechanism includes a storage tank in c
Farnham Charles J.
Fima Raoul G.
Pope, Jr. Ralph E.
Noll William B.
Novosad Christopher J.
Wetzone Technologies LLC
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