Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Solid sorbent – Inorganic gel containing
Patent
1991-01-15
1993-08-10
Konopka, Paul E.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Solid sorbent
Inorganic gel containing
252189, 252193, 422 5, 423230, 423231, 423237, 502400, 502406, B01J 2006, B01J 2002, C10K 120, B01D 5302
Patent
active
052348849
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates to a novel precipitate composition for the removal of malodorous substances of components and to a method of producing such composition. The adsorbent composition according to the invention can be widely used in eliminating unpleasant or foul odors and toxic gases emanating in the household from toilet facilitates, stores in refrigerators, garbage and the like, and in various areas of industry from hospitals, hotels, automobiles, cattle farms, poultry farms, waste water disposal plants and the like.
2. Background Art
Malodors which give a disagreeable or unpleasant sensation to humans may emanate from various daily living environments and from various facilitates such as factories, sewage disposal plants refuse disposal plants, garbage incinerators, cattle farms and poultry farms. In recent years, the number of complaints about such odors or, in other words, "malodor pollution", has shown a tendency toward increasing.
Substances causative of such malodors may include, but are not limited to, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and amines, mercaptans, aldehydes and lower fatty acids, among others. Actual malodorous components may be more completed in nature.
Investigations have recently been conducted energetically to elaborate deodorization techniques for such malodors and various measures such as mentioned below have been proposed.
(i) Masking
This technique comprises masking an odor with an aroma substance or neutralizing an odor with a plant extract component or components. It consists in mere masking, or concealing, malodors with a perfume or the like but can never eliminate malodorous substances to any substantial extent. As regard the technique utilizing the odor-neutralizing action, no scientific grounds therefor are known.
(ii) Chemical means
This technique involves neutralization of malodorous substances with an acid or alkali, or decomposition thereof by means of an oxidizing agent or reducing agent. As for the technique involving neutralization, substances which can be treated are limited to specific species. For neutralization, and for oxidation or reduction, safety problems may arise and equipment may become complicated.
(iii) Biological deodorization
This technique utilizes microorganisms or enzymes. It is inferior in deodorization rate and in lifetime of microorganisms or enzymes, and has a limited use condition.
(iv) Adsorption
This technique removes malodorous components by adsorption using an adsorbent such as activated carbon. This technique cannot cope with a strong odor since the capacity (adsorbency) of the adsorbent is generally insufficient. Furthermore it is difficult to remove various malodorous substances with one single adsorbent species.
Although these deodorization techniques are more or less effective and some are in practical use, further technical improvements are demanded because of the problems mentioned above.
The present inventors have so far made various investigations aiming at elimination of malodors offering problems in daily living environments as well as industrial malodors by means of adsorbents. Activated carbon is widely used as one of such adsorbents for deodorization. However, activated carbon is not a satisfactory deodorizing adsorbent since when it is used alone, its capacity to adsorb ammonia or hydrogen sulfide is small. Therefore modifications of activated carbon which carry a halide, metal ion, acid or alkali, for instance on the surface thereof, have been proposed. However, no deodorizer having satisfactory performance characteristics has been obtained as yet.
Zeolite, silica gel, activated alumina and the like are also used as deodorizers. However, they are not always satisfactory from the adsorption capacity viewpoint.
Inorganic adsorbents so far in use include zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide and iron hydroxide, among others. These are not very effective in adsorbing gaseous ammonia although they are suited for elimination of hydrogen sulfide. To the contrary, zirconium oxide, zirconiu
REFERENCES:
patent: 2554819 (1951-05-01), Eads
patent: 4059679 (1977-11-01), Clearfield
patent: 4384985 (1983-05-01), Crum et al.
patent: 5135904 (1992-08-01), Kamiya et al.
Mouri Motoya
Takeuchi Tatsuro
Konopka Paul E.
Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd.
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