Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Organic -co- compound
Patent
1997-03-20
1999-05-25
Johnson, Jerry D.
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Organic -co- compound
508110, 508446, 508454, 508545, 508556, 508558, 508591, 44300, 44386, 44391, 44392, 44432, 44459, C10M14514, C10M14908, C10M15900, C10L 116
Patent
active
059069708
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP95/04138 filed Oct. 19, 1995.
This invention relates to materials suitable for use as additives to oils, especially to fuel and lubricating oils, to oleaginous compositions containing the materials, and to processes for the manufacture of the materials.
Modern fuel and lubricating oils contain additives for various purposes. Numerous categories of such additives are known, and include, for example, detergents, cold flow improvers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, antifoams, dispersants, cetane or octane enhancers, lubricity improvers, antistatic agents, and viscosity modifiers. Within each such category, many materials (whether, for example, specific identifiable compounds, macromolecules, functionalized polymers or materials whose structure is not fully determined) are in commercial use or have been proposed in the literature. Such additives are referred to in this specification as oil additive materials.
Additives to improve one characteristic of an oil may, however, have deleterious effects on another of its characteristics. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for two additives, whether in the same or different categories, to have undesirable interactions causing, for example, gelling, either in the oil or in a multi-component additive package.
The present invention is concerned with providing a material suitable for use as an oil additive capable of carrying out its intended function and having a reduced tendency adversely to interact with another additive or affect an oils desirable characteristics.
The invention is more especially concerned with providing a material for use as a cold flow improver, especially for use in fuel oil compositions susceptible to wax formation at low temperatures.
Oils, especially fuel oils, whether derived from petroleum or from vegetable sources, contain components, namely, alkanes, that at low temperature tend to precipitate as large crystals or spherulites of wax in such a way as to form a gel structure which causes the fuel to lose its ability to flow. The lowest temperature at which the oil will still flow is known as the pour point.
As the temperature of the oil, which for convenience will be referred to as a fuel, falls and approaches the pour point, difficulties arise in transporting the fuel through lines and pumps. Further, the wax crystals tend to plug fuel lines, screens, and filters at temperatures above the pour point. These problems are well recognized in the art, and various additives have been proposed, many of which are in commercial use, for depressing the pour point of fuels. Similarly, other additives have been proposed and are in commercial use for reducing the size and changing the shape of the wax crystals that do form. Smaller size crystals are desirable since they are less likely to clog a filter. The wax from a diesel fuel, which is primarily an n-alkane wax, crystallizes as platelets; certain additives inhibit this and cause the wax to adopt an acicular habit, the resulting needles being more likely to pass through a filter than are platelets. The additives may also have the effect of retaining in suspension in the fuel the crystals that have formed, the resulting reduced settling also assisting in prevention of blockages.
The present invention provides an oil soluble dendrimer-based cold flow improver comprising a central core linked through a plurality of polar groups to a dendritic body which is linked through a plurality of polar groups to a hydrocarbyl periphery, the periphery consisting of n-alkyl groups which contain from 8 to 1000 carbon atoms.
As described by Tomalia et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 29 (1990), 138, dendrimers are three-dimensional highly-ordered oligomers or polymers. They are obtainable by reiterative reaction sequences starting from an initiator core having one or more reactive sites. To each reactive site is attached one functional group only of a polyfunctional reactant. The reactant is then caused to react through its remaining functio
REFERENCES:
patent: 3048479 (1962-08-01), Ilnyckyj
patent: 4694064 (1987-09-01), Tomalia et al.
patent: 4938885 (1990-07-01), Migdal
patent: 5041516 (1991-08-01), Frechet et al.
patent: 5558802 (1996-09-01), Dowling
patent: 5652202 (1997-07-01), Adams
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Johnson Jerry D.
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