Optical: systems and elements – Holographic system or element – Using a hologram as an optical element
Patent
1993-03-02
1995-03-14
Sikes, William L.
Optical: systems and elements
Holographic system or element
Using a hologram as an optical element
359102, 359 84, 359 77, G02F 11337, G02F 113, G02F
Patent
active
053981278
ABSTRACT:
An active matrix type of twisted nematic liquid crystal display is provided with a lower alignment layer rubbed in rubbing directions RD3, RD4 opposite to each other, an upper alignment layer rubbed in rubbing directions RD5, RD6 opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer arranged between the lower and upper alignment layers and filled with liquid crystal molecules set in a nematic liquid crystal phase, a pixel electrode and a common electrode for inducing a vertical electric field in the liquid crystal layer, and a source line and gate line driving a switching device for applying an electric potential to the pixel electrode. The rubbing direction on the substrate with the switching device is at an angle of 1.degree.-44.degree. to either the source or gate line. In this case, major axes of a group of liquid crystal molecules arranged above the pixel electrode are twisted in a clockwise direction, and major axes of other group of liquid crystal molecules are twisted in a counterclockwise direction.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4844569 (1989-07-01), Wada et al.
patent: 5099345 (1992-03-01), Kozaki et al.
patent: 5106529 (1992-04-01), Ichimura
patent: 5198917 (1993-03-01), Togashi
patent: 5249070 (1993-09-01), Takano
IBM Journal of Research and Development vol. 36, No. 1, Jan. 1992, New York US pp. 51-58 A. Lien et al. `Lateral Field Effect in Twisted Nematic Cell`.
Philips Journal of Research vol. 34, No. 1/2, 1979, Eindhovel NL; pp. 78-87 M. Goscianski `Hybrid Tilt Alignment for Liquid Crystal Matrix Displays`.
Hattori Katsuji
Ishihara Shoichi
Kubota Hirofumi
Satani Hiroshi
Tsuda Keisuke
Matsushita Electric - Industrial Co., Ltd.
Parker Kenneth
Sikes William L.
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