Electricity: measuring and testing – Of geophysical surface or subsurface in situ – With radiant energy or nonconductive-type transmitter
Reexamination Certificate
2007-08-28
2007-08-28
Lefkowitz, Edward (Department: 2862)
Electricity: measuring and testing
Of geophysical surface or subsurface in situ
With radiant energy or nonconductive-type transmitter
C324S330000, C342S022000
Reexamination Certificate
active
11177372
ABSTRACT:
An active system and method for determining the physical characteristics and geological composition of subterranean formations is described. Plane polarized electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies are transmitted by a mobile transmitting antenna held stationary in the far-field about a prospecting point. The plane polarized electromagnetic waves penetrate the Earth and return to the surface to be picked up at a separate mobile receiving antenna held stationary about a prospecting point. The differences in intensity and polarization between transmitted and received waves are measured and carry geological information. Further, a coordinated series of transmissions, receptions, and measurements are made, in which the angle of incidence and the revolution angle about a centerline emanating perpendicularly from the prospecting point are carefully and systematically varied and repeated for a specific set of frequencies. The entire data set is processed to give stratigraphy and geological composition in three-dimensions including, for example, the location of commercially important ore deposits or reservoirs of oil and gas. The transmission time, the reception time, and/or the data window are controlled to minimize the ionospheric effect. The method seeks the steady, repeatable part of a received signature and changes in the received signal for two or more identical probing transmissions are filtered out, as unwanted noise. The system employs a frequency/time duality for not resolving deep features to the same detail as shallow features.
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Lefkowitz Edward
Meyer + Associates
Whittington Kenneth J.
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