Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Solid sorbent – Silicon containing
Patent
1986-01-09
1987-10-27
Dees, Carl F.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Solid sorbent
Silicon containing
502417, 502527, B01J 2020
Patent
active
047030321
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a national phase application corresponding to PCT/EP85/00110 filed Mar. 16, 1985 and based in turn upon a German national application P 34 10 892.0 filed Mar. 24, 1984 under the International Convention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an activated coke produced from black coal in the form of granulates and a process for its manufacture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For the use of activated coke in a heaped or loose bed through which a medium to be treated must flow, the activated coke must be in the form of a granulate providing an adequate void volume for the medium which is to flow therethrough. Particularly when treating flue gases for desulphurizing and also for removing nitrogen compounds, these void volumes between the granulates are of considerable importance in order to attain the desired material exchange or the adsorption of noxious substances on the activated coke by intensive contact of the gas molecules with the surface of the activated coke over the shortest possible distance. The size of the granules determines the particular local void volume in the bed. In spite of the desirability of having relatively large voids in the bed, the activated coke granulates are conventionally manufactured and used with relatively small dimensions of the order of several mm. The reason for this is essentially that the manufacture of activated coke is relatively expensive and the material exchange or the adsorption takes place only in a relatively thin surface layer of the granulates. Accordingly, smaller sized granulates, requiring smaller amounts of activated coke afford a larger surface area than granulates of larger diameters. Moreover, the manufacture of granulates of larger diameters and having the required strength involves problems, particularly since when using such granulates in beds or heaps they are subjected to considerable and substantially varying pressure, in particular if the heaped materials or beds are moved through a duct or the like.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, the granulates referred to in the introduction comprise an inactive wear-resistant core of ceramic material and a coating of activated coke adhering to the core.
The better utilization of the activated coke required for a given granulate is based not only on the fact that the core of the granulates is composed of the aforesaid inactive ceramic material, but also on the fact that enlargement of the voids in the heaped materials or beds is made possible. A more intensive turbulence of the gases within these voids takes place resulting in a more frequent contact of the gas molecules with the surface layer of the granulates whereby the effectiveness of the material exchange or the adsorption can be improved considerably. In addition, because of the larger voids in the heaped structures, higher flow velocities of the gases passed through the heaped materials are attainable for lower pressure losses, whereby an improved aerodynamic effectiveness is attained when using the novel granulates. This is of particular interest in the context of flue gas decontamination, but is applicable whenever moving heaped materials or beds of the granulates are used with a flow passing therethrough.
It is advantageous for the granulates to have uniform longitudinal and transverse dimensions, more particularly a diameter between at least 6 and at the most 25 mm. Such dimensions result in favorable void volumes which result in the aforesaid effects. With the aforesaid dimensions there is also a favorable ratio of surface layer to void volumes between the granulates.
It is advantageous if the core of the granulates is composed of an expanded material based on alumina silicate. Such cores are on the one hand of low mass and adequately heat resistant. Moreover, they afford an appropriately structured surface in order to provide favorable adhesive effects with respect to the coating applied to the core.
However, the core may also be composed of a
REFERENCES:
patent: 2219581 (1940-10-01), Schmidt
patent: 2697029 (1954-12-01), Baker et al.
patent: 2991201 (1961-07-01), Joyce
patent: 3960771 (1976-06-01), Tanaka et al.
Abel Otto
Reye Hans
Sundermann Erich
Dees Carl F.
Dubno Herbert
Perfluktiv Technik AG
Ross Karl F.
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