Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g. – Directive – Including a satellite
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-04
2003-05-20
Phan, Dao (Department: 3662)
Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g.,
Directive
Including a satellite
Reexamination Certificate
active
06567042
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to global positioning system (GPS) satellite signal acquisition and more specifically to a faster computation algorithm for GPS P(Y) code and multiple blocks C/A code satellite signal acquisition.
The nominal GPS operational constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. The control segment consists of tracking stations located around the world. The GPS user segment consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed in a GPS receiver, enabling the receiver to compute velocity, time and position.
The GPS satellites transmit two microwave carrier signals.
FIG. 1
is a prior art drawing of GPS signals. The L
1
frequency (1575.42 MHz) shown at
100
carries the navigation message. The L
2
frequency represented at
105
(1227.60 MHz) is used to measure the ionospheric delay by precise positioning service equipped receivers. Three binary codes shift the L
1
and/or L
2
carrier phase. The Coarse Acquisition Code (C/A) shown at
102
modulates the L
1
carrier phase. The C/A code is a repeating 1 MHz Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) Code. This noise-like code modulates the L
1
carrier signal, “spreading” the spectrum over a 1 MHz bandwidth. The C/A code repeats every 1023 bits (one millisecond). There is a different C/A code PRN for each GPS satellite. GPS satellites are often identified by their PRN number, the unique identifier for each pseudo-random-noise code. The C/A code that modulates the L
1
carrier is the basis for the civil standard positioning service (SPS).
The P-Code (Precise) shown at
104
modulates both the L
1
and L
2
carrier phases. The P-Code is a very long (seven days) 10 MHz PRN code. In the Anti-Spoofing (AS) mode of operation, the P-Code is encrypted into the Y-Code. The encrypted Y-Code requires a classified AS Module for each receiver channel and is for use only by authorized users with cryptographic keys. The P (Y)-Code is the basis for the precise positioning service (PPS).
The navigation message shown at
103
also modulates the L
1
-C/A code signal. The Navigation Message is a 50 Hz signal consisting of data bits that describe the GPS satellite orbits, clock corrections, and other system parameters.
The C/A code and P(Y) code are code division multiple access (CDMA) systems where a pair of unique signals are assigned to each satellite in the GPS phase of the C/A code or the P(Y) code. The GPS receiver applies correlation to measure timing. The received signal is correlated with the locally generated replicas of the selected satellite's signal. This process is called acquisition. The traditional GPS receiver acquires this phase by continuous sliding, multiplication, and addition. This process is time consuming and is not conducive to miniaturized receivers. The C/A code is used in civilian GPS receivers and the military GPS receivers use both C/A code and P(Y) code. In general, the military receiver acquires the C/A code and transfers this timing to P(Y) code for tracking. However, if the military GPS receiver is under hostile environment and exposed to a strong jamming threat, the less vulnerable direct P(Y) acquisition becomes necessary. The present invention applies to both the C/A code and the P(Y) code to improve the acquisition speed
The conventional P(Y) code acquisition uses a time domain correlation approach as shown in FIG.
2
. For each satellite, this approach correlates 10 ms of received sampled data (500,000 data points), represented at
200
with 200 locally generated replica, represented at
201
. These replica are represented by
r
(
m
)=
P
j
(
m&Dgr;t
)exp(
j
2&pgr;□
k
m&Dgr;t
) (1)
where &Dgr;t is sampling interval, P
j
(m&Dgr;t) is the sampled P(Y) code of satellite j, m=0, 1,2, . . . , 49,999 is a time index, and, f
k
is the center frequency of the locally generated replica. To acquire the P(Y) code of the received signal from a targeted satellite, 200 locally generated replica are correlated with 500,000 sampled points of the received signal. If any of these 200 correlation result is above the threshold which is pre-determined by the correlation noise floor statistics, the code and the carrier frequency acquisition is completed, as is represented at
202
. If none of the results is above the threshold, another 500,000 sampled data will be processed in the same manner, as represented at
203
. This new 500,000 data set, represented at
204
, only shifts one data point from the previous one. This process continues until either a signal is found or 1 ms of search range is exhausted. For ±1 ms of search range, the average amount of mathematical operations is 200×50000 500000-point correlation, making the known approach a time consuming and energy consuming operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improved global positioning system satellite signal acquisition method and device. The method and device of the invention reduces the number of operations in the block correlation used in determining Doppler frequency and time of the received GPS C/A and/or P(Y) codes. Reducing the number of operations in block correlation increases acquisition speed and reduces energy requirements, aspects conducive to commercial and military GPS receivers.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved global positioning system satellite signal acquisition method and device.
It is another object of the invention to provide a GPS satellite signal acquisition method and device having a reduced number of operations for correlation processing.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved speed and accuracy GPS satellite signal acquisition method and device.
These and other objects of the invention are described in the description, claims and accompanying drawings and are achieved by an efficient, data processing minimizing GPS data acquisition software method comprising the steps of:
receiving a GPS signal;
considering N data bits of locally generated P code in block-to-block correspondence with N data bits from said receiving step
manipulating N data bits from said receiving and considering steps into a subdivision of data bits, said subdivision of data bits constituting less than a complete transmitted pattern from said receiving step;
applying a circular fast Fourier transform correlation algorithm on said data bits from said manipulating step;
repeating said applying step until an output of said applying step is above a preselected acquisition threshold value; and
determining time and Doppler frequency of said GPS signal.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5982811 (1999-11-01), Harrison et al.
patent: 5987059 (1999-11-01), Harrison et al.
patent: 6009118 (1999-12-01), Tiemann et al.
patent: 6028883 (2000-02-01), Tiemann et al.
patent: 6028887 (2000-02-01), Harrison et al.
Lin David M.
Tsui James B. Y.
Hollins Gerald B.
Kundert Thomas L.
Phan Dao
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of
Tollefson Gina S.
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