Mechanical guns and projectors – Centrifugal – Mechanical
Patent
1986-01-27
1989-03-28
Apley, Richard J.
Mechanical guns and projectors
Centrifugal
Mechanical
124 8, 124 34, 124 63, 272 36, 244 63, F41B 304
Patent
active
048154385
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to machine elements and mechanisms, to mass accelerators and to recoilless launching apparatus for paired bodies, each possessing mass.
2. Description of Related Art
The acceleration of a body is proportional to an applied resultant force and is in the direction of this force. In the acceleration of a body the effective or resultant force is always opposed by an equal reaction force within the same line of action. In many prior art applications, well known in the mechanics branch of physics, the acceleration of a mass involves systems or mechanisms wherein nonconservative or dissipative forces are used to accelerate the body. The mechanical energy in nonconservative or dissipative force systems is not completely recoverable or useable in accomplishing work.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In this invention the effective total mass is established in pairs of bodies or masses of similar design. Acceleration of the pairs of masses is achieved in two stages or phases. A first acceleration of the mass pairs is achieved through mechanisms that dissipate reaction forces of the applied mechanical energy. A second acceleration of the mass pairs is achieved simultaneously through recoil suppression mechanisms that conserve reaction forces, hence, a greater portion of the applied mechanical energy is effectively used. Expressed alternatively, the second acceleration of the equivalent total mass is accomplished with a reduction in the expenditure of the supplied mechanical energy that is necessary to achieve a stated velocity of the respective masses.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the mass pairs are guided by the assembled structure so as to follow, in the first step of acceleration, phased helical trajectories encompassing a toroidal space. In the second step of acceleration the two bodies, of each mass pair, are subjected, simultaneously to directly applied thrusts that are coordinated, in time, and also to the respective reaction forces of the thrust that is applied to the other companion body of the pair of masses. The respective reaction forces are cross coupled in opposing directions within the elements of the interconnecting structure that is provided to effect a mechanical linkage between the respective mass holders so as to enhance the directly applied action thrusting forces. Thus the reaction force "R(A)" to the thrust "F(A)" applied to mass "M(A)" is reflected through the linking structure to appear at mass "M(B)" simultaneously, in the same direction, so as to reinforce or add to the thrust "F(B)" locally applied at mass "M(B)". Simultaneously, the reaction force "R(B)" to the thrust "F(B)" that is applied to mass "M(B)" is reflected through the linking structure to appear at mass "M(A)" in the direction for adding to the thrust "F(A)", locally applied at mass "M(A)". The simultaneous reflection of the respective reaction forces provides counterbalancing in the structural elements of the accelerator since they are substantially equal in magnitude and opposite in their resultant direction within the respective elements. Recoil to the second step of acceleration is therefore suppressed, being dependent upon the symmetry and simultaneity of the directly applied accelerating forces.
Although the masses are in motion relative to an observer, following the first stage of acceleration, they are in a fixed relationship relative to each other, because the supporting structural linkage of the apparatus stays intact and invariant throughout the motion. When the second stage of acceleration occurs, the energy required is that amount needed to increase the velocity of each mass, with reduced recoil in an imperfect energy conserving system, and thereby add to the initial velocity of the first sage of acceleration so as to achieve the desired "final" velocity. The respective masses, thus accelerated by the two stage method, each have kinetic energy at the expense of less applied energy. Thus an improvement in efficiency is achieved. T
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Apley Richard J.
Bender David J.
Osborne, Sr. Eugene F.
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