Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Conjugate or complex
Patent
1991-01-07
1993-07-13
Rollins, John W.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Conjugate or complex
424703, 424DIG10, 514919, A61K 3578, A61K 3304
Patent
active
052271625
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an acaricidal composition, particularly to a composition that is effective against the Varroa Jacobsoni acarus.
The invention further refers to the use of such a composition in the struggle against mites, both as a pesticidal agent and for prophylaxis purpose.
It is known that the Varroa Jacobsoni acarus, commonly called "varroa", is a vermin of the bees--particularly the Apis mellifica bee--that infests the hives causing heavy economical losses, settling as a preference in the male cells.
The treatments employed to fight the infestation of varroa are either mechanical or chemical.
Mechanical treatments consist in providing the beehives with traps exploiting the mite's preference for the male cells. However positive results are achieved slowly and are not very satisfying since the traps only limit the infestation.
The chemical treatments consist in applying synthetic pesticides. Under these conditions, there exists a toxicity problem for the beekeeper employing the pesticide, as well as a contamination problem of the produced honey, so that sanitary regulations forbid the treatment with such pesticides near the fertility time of the bees and for a certain time thereafter. Therefore the treatment with synthetic pesticides, although employed by many beekeepers, cannot be considered an effective solution in all respects.
It has now been found a composition that is effective against the Varroa Jacobsoni acarus and against many other kinds of mites, that is not a chemical product obtained by synthesis and therefore does not imply the above mentioned drawbacks of the known products. On the contrary, the composition according to the invention is a mixture of natural products that are well tolerated by the bees, as well as by the other animal or vegetable organisms that are infested by mites, and do not contaminate the honey.
Such acaricidal composition according to the invention is generally made up by a mixture of elementary sulphur, crushed garlic bulbs and ethanol.
Garlic bulbs are obtained by the plant of the genus Allium, more particularly of the species Allium sativum. The bulblets are crushed, milled or more preferably reduced to a pulp to form a mush from which, through the use of ethanol, an alcoholic extract is obtained which contains the garlic active ingredients.
Elementary sulphur is used as a fine powder, preferably in the form known as "wettable ventilated sulphur".
Ethanol is both an active ingredient of the composition and the medium for the solution and the suspension of the other components thereof.
The composition according to the invention contains from 20 to 40% by weight of elementary sulphur, from 15 to 35by weight of garlic bulbs, the balance being ethanol.
Depending upon the ethanol amount, the composition appears as a liquid or thick composition which is obtained by mixing the solid components in the liquid medium.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the composition contains also pepper, preferably of the species Capsicum annuum, of sour and piquant varieties, dried and reduced to powder. The amount of dried pepper in the mixture can be between 1 and 15% by weight of the total.
In the preferred embodiment including four components, the composition according to the invention contains from 20 to 40% of elementary sulphur, from 15 to 35% of crushed garlic bulbs, from 1 to 15% of pepper powder, and from 64 to 10% of ethanol, all the components being expressed by weight. The preferred composition contains 30% of elementary sulphur, 30% of garlic bulbs that have been crushed or reduced to a pulp, 30% of 99% by volume ethanol, and 10% of pepper powder, all the components being given by weight.
The composition is prepared by mixing the components in a vessel by means of a mechanical stirrer until it is obtained a sufficientely homogeneous dispersion of the solid parts into the liquid or a paste with a consistency that depends upon the ethanol amount.
Then the composition is applied to the parts that have been infested by the mites, usually by s
REFERENCES:
King, Chemicals Evaluated as Insecticides and Repellants at Orlando Fla. USDA, Handbook No. 69, 1954, p. 321.
Chem. Abst., Smith et al., 82:94140p, 1975.
Chem. Abst., Gubler et al., 49:9860f, 1954.
Chem. Abst., Catar, 49:2002f 1954.
Officine Ferrari s.n.c. di Carlo e Mario Ferrari & Co.
Rollins John W.
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