Absorber of absorption system refrigerator

Details Absorber of absorption system refrigerator Absorber of absorption system refrigerator

1999-09-23

2001-02-27

McDermott, Corrine (Department: 3744)

Refrigeration

Refrigeration producer

Sorbent type

C062S476000, C062S494000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06192704

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to absorbers for use in absorption chillers for causing an absorbent to absorb a vapor of refrigerant produced by an evaporator.
BACKGROUND ART
With reference to
FIG. 17
, double-effect absorption chillers have a closed drum
3
provided in its interior with an eliminator
30
, and an evaporator chamber
31
and an absorber chamber
32
which are arranged at opposite sides of the eliminator
30
. An evaporator (not shown) is disposed in the evaporator chamber
31
, and an absorber
50
in the absorber chamber
32
. Connected to the bottom of the closed drum
3
is piping
62
extending to a high-temperature generator via a low-temperature heat exchanger and a high-temperature heat exchanger, with an absorbent pump
6
mounted on an intermediate portion of the piping
62
.
The absorber
50
comprises an absorbent sprinkler
4
connected to one end of piping
61
extending from the low-temperature heat exchanger, and a cooling water piping system comprising a plurality of cooling water pipes
2
extending horizontally.
In the absorber
50
, an absorbent (aqueous solution of lithium bromide) is scattered on the cooling water pipes
2
by the sprinkler
4
as indicated in broken lines. During falling, the absorbent absorbs a vapor of refrigerant produced by the evaporator, has its temperature raised by the heat of condensation and heat of mixing (heat of absorption) then generated, and is cooled with cooling water flowing through the pipes
2
.
The absorbent scattered by the sprinkler
4
in the conventional absorber
50
first falls onto the outer peripheral surfaces of the cooling water pipes
2
at the uppermost stage, flows down the peripheral surfaces in the form of drops and thereafter falls onto the outer peripheral surfaces of the cooling water pipes
2
at the next lower stage. In this way, the absorbent is delivered in the form of drops to the pipes
2
from stage to stage downward. Accordingly, the absorbent not only falls at a relatively high speed under gravity but also fails to sufficiently spread over the outer peripheral surfaces of the pipes
2
, and therefore has a small area for absorbing the refrigerant vapor and wets the pipe surfaces over small areas. The absorber consequently has the problem of being low in absorbing capacity due to insufficient absorption and heat exchange.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an absorber having a higher absorbing capacity than conventional absorbers.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an absorber for use in absorption chillers which has a closed chamber to be supplied with an absorbent and a refrigerant vapor and having installed therein means for supplying the absorbent. For example, the conventional absorbent sprinkler
4
is usable as the absorbent supplying means. Positioned below the absorbent supplying means is a cooling water piping system comprising a plurality of cooling water pipes which extend horizontally and are interconnected in series or in parallel. A plurality of platelike heat transfer bodies are spaced apart from one another and arranged in a vertical position horizontally. The cooling water pipes extend through these heat transfer bodies.
With the absorber described for use in absorption chillers, cooling water is supplied to the pipes to cool the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies and the pipes with the water to a sufficiently lowered temperature.
The absorbent is supplied by the absorbent supplying means to the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies. The absorbent then flows down the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies and the outer peripheral surfaces of the cooling water pipes while spreading over the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies. While flowing in this way, the absorbent absorbs a vapor of refrigerant passing between the heat transfer bodies by coming into contact with the refrigerant vapor over a sufficient area.
While flowing down the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies, the absorbent wets these surfaces over large areas. Moreover, the absorbent is slowed down by flow resistance and therefore flows down the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies over a sufficient period of time. This effects sufficient heat exchange with these surfaces, whereby the absorbent is effectively cooled.
Thus, the absorbent comes into contact with the refrigerant vapor over a large area for the absorption of the vapor, and the resulting heat is effectively removed by sufficient heat exchange. As a result, a high absorbing capacity is available.
Stated more specifically, each of the heat transfer bodies comprises a single heat transfer plate.
According to another specific embodiment, the cooling water pipes are arranged in a plurality of stages spaced apart from one another vertically, and each of the heat transfer bodies comprises a plurality of heat transfer plates each of which is provided for one or at least two stages of the pipes.
The heat transfer plates extend horizontally. The upper of each pair of heat transfer plates which are vertically adjacent to each other has a lower end spaced apart by a predetermined clearance from the upper end of the lower of the pair. The clearance is preferably 2 mm to 3 mm. Each heat transfer plate has one or at least two stages of cooling water pipes extending therethrough. All the heat transfer plates or the heat transfer plates other than the plate at the uppermost position each have an upper end face positioned at the same level as or approximately the same level as upper ends of outer peripheral surfaces of the cooling water pipes positioned at the uppermost stage and extending through the heat transfer plate.
With the absorber having the construction described, the absorbent is supplied by the absorbent supplying means to the surface of each of the uppermost heat transfer plates and thereafter flows down the surfaces of heat transfer plates and the outer peripheral surfaces of cooling water pipes. In this process, the absorbent flowing down the outer peripheral surface of one pipe will partly fall off that pipe to flow down the surface of the plate. At this time, the portion of absorbent thus flowing will combine with a downflow portion of the absorbent falling off another pipe laterally adjacent to the above-mentioned pipe. The confluent flow will then pass between two cooling water pipes arranged at the next lower stage.
Even when such a flow of absorbent occurs in the absorber, the absorbent partly spreads leftward and rightward along the lower end face of one heat transfer plate or along the upper end face of another heat transfer plate positioned therebelow upon the absorbent flow reaching the plate lower end face. The absorbent then reaches the upper end of outer peripheral surface of one of the uppermost cooling water pipes extending through the lower heat transfer plate, whereupon the absorbent flows down along the pipe outer peripheral surface.
The absorbent flowing down the surfaces of the heat transfer plates and the outer peripheral surfaces of the cooling water pipes spreads as described above every time the absorbent passes across the clearance between the plates, to flow down as fully spread not only over the plate surfaces and also over the pipe outer peripheral surfaces. As a result, the heat transfer plates, i.e., the platelike heat transfer bodies, produce the effect described, while the cooling water pipes fully exhibit a direct cooling effect to result in a high absorbing capacity.
Stated specifically, the platelike heat transfer bodies are arranged with a pitch of 3 mm to 15 mm.
While flowing down the surfaces of the heat transfer bodies, the absorbent absorbs the refrigerant vapor passing between the heat transfer bodies by coming into contact with the vapor. As the pitch of the heat transfer bodies decreases, the portions of absorbent flowing down the opposed surfaces of each pair of adjacent heat transfer bodies approach each other. These absorbent portions combine to flow down if the pitch becomes smaller than 3 mm, consequently blocking the flow c

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