Absorbent article with controlled distribution of liquid

Details Absorbent article with controlled distribution of liquid Absorbent article with controlled distribution of liquid

1996-12-23

2000-09-12

Stright, Ronald

Surgery

Means and methods for collecting body fluids or waste material

Absorbent pad for external or internal application and...

A61F 1315, A61F 1320

Patent

active

061180424

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to an absorbent article, for example a sanitary towel, generally comprising an upper layer which is permeable to liquids, a lower layer which is impermeable to liquids and an absorbent member placed between the two.
More particularly the invention relates to a sanitary towel whose structure comprises one or more layers intended to control the distribution of liquid which is deposited on the surface of the upper layer which faces the body of the female user.
Preferred configurations of the invention comprise an absorbent member which contains hydrogelling absorbent material as a component, preferably as a principal component.
Sanitary towels which have an upper layer which is permeable to liquids, an impermeable lower layer and an absorbent member located between the two containing hydrogelling absorbent material are known in the prior art.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,653 describes a sanitary towel comprising an upper layer which is permeable to liquids, a lower layer which is impermeable to liquids and an absorbent member located between the two, the absorbent member comprising a layered structure formed of two outer layers of air-laid wadding and a central layer of hydrogelling absorbent material.
A layer to take up liquid formed by a non-woven fabric comprising 70% rayon and 30% polyester fibre is located between the upper layer and the absorbent member and is designed to improve the lateral distribution of liquid passing through the upper layer.
The lateral distribution of liquid in the take-up layer increases the surface area of the absorbent member to which the released liquid has access, but on the other hand there is the possibility that the liquid may migrate to the edges of the sanitary towel, and may therefore soil and stain the intimate garments of the user under certain conditions of use.
Patent EP-A-257280 describes a composite covering layer for an absorbent article such as a sanitary towel in which a perforated substantially hydrophobic polymer film of thickness less than 0.762 mm having a total open area equal to at least 35% is located above a layer of non-woven fabric and fixed thereto, the openings in the first layer being of insufficient size to permit the passage of a 1% saline solution under the effect of gravity alone, while the second layer has a capillary structure such as to permit a vertical rise of 1% saline solution of less than 12.7 mm after 15 minutes.
The absorbent article comprises an absorbent member having a composite two layer structure, in particular an upper low density layer formed of cellulose fibres and a lower layer comprising a highly condensed mixture of cellulose fibre and superabsorbent material.
The underside of the absorbent member is attached to a sheet of polyethylene which extends to the lateral edges of the absorbent member to prevent fluid passing from the base and the sides of the absorbent member to the user's garments. It is considered that the composite covering layer permits liquid to flow in one direction in order to ensure improved cleanliness with regard to flows of liquid, and it is also considered that the said layer shows very little diffusion properties, that is a low capacity for the transmission of liquid in a lateral direction.
There therefore remains the problem of attempting to avoid the disadvantages of an intermediate layer which is completely permeable to liquids, while at the same time retaining the capacity to distribute the liquid received to zones of the absorbent member outside the take-up area.
PCT application Ser. No. PCT/US93/08597 describes a sanitary towel comprising an upper layer which is permeable to liquids, a lower impermeable layer and an absorbent member provided with an intermediate layer located between the upper layer and the absorbent member and configured in such a way as to extend around the lateral edges of the absorbent member itself.
The intermediate layer is capable of distributing the liquid received and also prevents loss of liquid from these lateral edges, being substantially impermeable at

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