Wave transmission lines and networks – Plural channel systems – Having branched circuits
Reexamination Certificate
1999-06-15
2002-10-08
Bettendorf, Justin P. (Department: 2817)
Wave transmission lines and networks
Plural channel systems
Having branched circuits
C333S206000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06462629
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to electrical filters and relates particularly to filter apparatus and a method of forming so-called ceramic filters and duplexers.
2. Description of Related Art Including Information
RF ceramic filters are well known in the art. They are constructed of blocks of ceramic material that are typically coupled to other electronic circuitry through discrete wires, cables, and pins coupled to conductive connection points on external surfaces of the blocks. They are also used to construct duplexers and other electronic components.
Ceramic block filters are used in wireless communication products. Three major process steps in the manufacture of these filters are: (1) the capacitive element pattern generation, (2) I/O pad generation, and (3) tuning the filter to the proper operating frequency. The function of the capacitive element pattern on the filter is to approximate the RF response required by the customer. The function of the I/O pad generation operation is to provide the interface from the filter to the wireless communication product. The function of the tuning operation is to finally adjust this approximated RF response to meet the exact customer requirements for the desired response.
In the prior art, a ceramic block is sintered and then silver metallic paste is placed on all sides of the block EXCEPT for those sides that require a defined electrical circuit such as a capacitive element pattern or input/output (I/O) pads. On those sides, the silver metallic paste is applied to the ceramic block in the form and shape of the desired pattern and the I/O pads (through a well-known screen print process technology or abrasion technology). A heating process causes the metallic paste to solidify with the pattern(s) and/or I/O pads generally in their proper location.
However, this screen print process does not have the dimensional accuracy desired in the plating of the capacitive element filter pattern and other filter elements. The capacitive element filter pattern dimensional accuracy on the ceramic block filters is required to be four times (4×) as accurate at 1.8 GHz as at 900 MHz.
Thus, in order to complete the product, the capacitive element filter pattern must be further tuned to meet exact customer specifications. This can be accomplished by adding excess metallic paste adjacent circuit pattern features and then using some method to sinter the metallic paste, forming an integral addition to the pattern or pads or, in some cases, material can be removed for tuning. By applying a signal to the input and monitoring the output signal during this process, the operator can terminate the addition of material to the pads or terminals when the output signal indicates that proper tuning has been achieved.
Thus, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,788 fine tuning of ceramic filter metallic terminals or pads is disclosed. In this patent, the ceramic block is coated on all sides but one (and perhaps a portion of an adjacent side) and on the uncoated side (and portion), silver metallic paste is formed in the general shape of the desired electronic terminals, pattern, or pads. The silver metallic paste is heat-treated to form a rigid coating. Additional silver metallic paste is then placed adjacent and electrically contacting the formed terminals or pads and, while an input signal is being monitored on the output terminal, a laser beam is used to scan the silver metallic paste to sinter it and form a solid addition to the terminal or pad until the proper electrical characteristics of the device is obtained. Thus, this patent relates to the addition of metal to the already generally formed terminals, pattern, or pads to tune the circuit.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,988 there is disclosed a method of manufacturing a ceramic electronic component having a dielectric ceramic and a conductor thereon containing silver as the main component. By heat-treating the device, such as a dielectric resonator formed with that process, the “Q” value of the resonator is increased. In the process of heat-treating the device, it is disclosed that the device is subjected to a heat treatment at 400° C. or more in an atmosphere containing 10% or less by volume of oxygen. Further, Kagata, et al ('988) disclose “forming the conductive paste . . . in a pattern of electrodes” on the sintered dielectric ceramic substrate.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,760 also relates to electrical filters formed of ceramic blocks using abrasive or miling methods to remove metallization or use various screen-printing techniques to apply conductive materials onto the various surfaces of the ceramic blocks. In the '760 patent, a layer of conductive material is deposited on the surface of the block and after the layer is successfully cured, portions of the conductive layer are removed by any suitable milling machine such that the desired conductive pattern is left on the surface. Both the conductive material coating the block and the dielectric material are removed from the block in the areas that are milled. This device is limited in accuracy or precision by the electrode dimension that can be formed with a milling machine.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,379,011 there is described a ceramic band-pass filter with improved input/output isolation and having conductive material removed from the metallization of the block and the I/O pads are deposited in those areas where the conductive metal had been removed. Again, in this patent, all six sides of the ceramic block are metallized with the exception of the top or upper surface and a portion of the side surface. Slots are formed, between the deposited input/output pads and adjacent metal in the ceramic material and thus, when not plated, varies the dielectric between the input/output pads.
It would be desirable to have such a filter with good isolation between conductive areas and having greater dimensional accuracy of the filter pattern and I/O pads than the present art can provide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,518, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discloses a ceramic block filter having five sides completely metallized and one side completely unmetallized (side
110
in FIG.
1
). However, the '518 patent differs from the present invention in that the channels (
108
in
FIG. 1
) are completely metallized and serve the purpose of increasing the magnetic coupling between resonators. On the contrary, the trenches of the present invention are not metallized and serve the purpose of allowing adjacent metallized areas to be capacitively coupled.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present process, the ceramic block is formed in the usual manner. It has at least one planar surface. Then, instead of coating only those sides where the pattern or I/O pads are not to be formed, the ENTIRE ceramic block is coated with a conductive metallic material. One example of such metallic coating is a paste well known in the prior art and containing an electrically conductive metal (such as silver, for example only) and is then subjected to the necessary heat treatment to solidify the metal. Other examples of conductive coatings include plating the ceramic blocks with a conductive metal and the like.
An ablative method, such as the use of a scanning laser beam, is used to remove unwanted metallic material from at least one planar surface to form the desired capacitive element filter patterns. This differs from the abrasive method of the prior art or the screen printing of the prior art. The laser beam ablates both the metallization and a portion of the ceramic block to form trenches that surround metallic filter components and create the pattern in the desired shape. The depth and width of the trenches determine coupling capacitance of the filter and thus determine its operating frequency. The precision and repeatability of forming the trenches with the lasing process allows greater accuracy and repeatability of the capacitive element filter pattern and the other filter components. The more precise patterns allow for higher tune rates, high
Blair Raymond G.
Pasco Wayne D.
Rombach Edward J.
Simons Randel N.
Bettendorf Justin P.
CTS Corporation
Hall Alfred E.
Jones Stephen E.
Weseman Steven
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