Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-05
2002-10-01
Rotman, Alan L. (Department: 1625)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
C548S333500
Reexamination Certificate
active
06458822
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to 2-oxo-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydroxamide derivatives, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives, and to the use of such derivatives in the treatment of arthritis, inflammation, cancer, and other diseases as described below.
The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of zinc metalloendopeptidases, especially those belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (also called MMP or matrixin) and reprolysin (also known as adamylsin) subfamilies of the metzincins (Rawlings, et al.,
Methods in Enzymology
, 248, 183-228 (1995) and Stocker, et al.,
Protein Science
, 4, 823-840 (1995)).
The MMP subfamily of enzymes, currently contains seventeen members (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16, MMP-17, MMP-18, MMP-19, MMP-20). The MMP's are most well known for their role in regulating the turn-over of extracellular matrix proteins and as such play important roles in normal physiological processes such as reproduction, development and differentiation. In addition, the MMP's are expressed in many pathological situations in which abnormal connective tissue turnover is occurring. For example, MMP-13, an enzyme with potent activity at degrading type II collagen (the principal collagen in cartilage), has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in osteoarthritic cartilage (Mitchell, et al.,
J.
Clin. Invest., 97, 761 (1996)). Other MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12) are also overexpressed in osteoarthritic cartilage and inhibition of some or all of these MMP's is expected to slow or block the accelerated loss of cartilage typical of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
Overexpression of certain metalloproteinases is also associated with metastasis of tumor cells. It is believed that such activity is essential to the invasion of healthy tissues. Inhibition of the activity of some or all of these proteinases is expected to limit the spread of malignant cells. Additionally, certain metalloproteinases are necessary for angiogenesis, the process whereby, for example, a growing tumor obtains additional blood supply through new vascularization. Therefore inhibition of these enzymes is expected to slow or arrest tumor growth.
The compounds of the invention are also expected to usefully inhibit additional classes of enzymes having important roles in both normal and pathological processes. For example, the mammalian reprolysins are known as ADAMs (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) (Wolfberg, et al.,
J. Cell Biol
., 131, 275-278 (1995)) and contain a disintegrin domain in addition to a metalloproteinase-like domain. To date, twenty three distinct ADAM's have been identified. ADAM-17, also known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), is the most well known ADAM.
ADAM-17 (TACE) is responsible for cleavage of cell bound tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-&agr;, also known as cachectin). TNF-&agr; is recognized to be involved in many infectious and auto-immune diseases (W. Friers,
FEBS Letters
, 285, 199 (1991)). Furthermore, it has been shown that TNF-&agr; is the prime mediator of the inflammatory response seen in sepsis and septic shock (Spooner, et al.,
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology
, 62 S11 (1992)). There are two forms of TNF-&agr;, a type II membrane protein of relative molecular mass 26,000 (26 kD) and a soluble 17 kD form generated from the cell bound protein by specific proteolytic cleavage. The soluble 17 kD form of TNF-&agr; is released by the cell and is associated with the deleterious effects of TNF-&agr;. This form of TNF-&agr; is also capable of acting at sites distant from the site of synthesis. Thus, inhibitors of TACE prevent the formation of soluble TNF-&agr; and prevent the deleterious effects of the soluble factor.
In a further example, aggrecanase, is an enzyme that is important in the degradation of cartilage aggrecan. Aggrecanase is believed to be an ADAM. The loss of aggrecan from the cartilage matrix is an important factor in the progression of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and inhibition of aggrecanase is expected to slow or block the loss of cartilage in tissues affected by these diseases.
Other ADAMs that have shown expression in pathological situations include ADAM TS-1 (Kuno, et al.,
J. Biol. Chem
., 272, 556-562 (1997)), and ADAM's 10, 12 and 15 (Wu, et al.,
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm
., 235, 437-442, (1997)). As knowledge of the expression, physiological substrates and disease association of the ADAM's increases the full significance of the role of inhibition of this class of enzymes will be appreciated.
The compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, emphysema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, organ transplant toxicity, cachexia, allergic reactions, inflammation, allergic contact hypersensitivity, cancer (such as solid tumor cancer including colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and prostrate cancer and hematopoietic malignancies including leukemias and lymphomas), tissue ulceration, restenosis, periodontal disease, epidermolysis bullosa, osteoporosis, loosening of artificial joint implants, atherosclerosis (including atherosclerotic plaque rupture), aortic aneurysm (including abdominal aortic aneurysm and brain aortic aneurysm), congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, cerebral ischemia, head trauma, spinal cord injury, neuro-degenerative disorders (acute and chronic), autoimmune disorders, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, migraine, depression, peripheral neuropathy, pain, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, nootropic or cognition enhancement, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, ocular angiogenesis, corneal injury, macular degeneration, abnormal wound healing, burns, diabetes, tumor invasion, tumor growth, tumor metastasis, corneal scarring, scleritis, AIDS, sepsis or septic shock.
The compounds of the present invention are also useful in the treatment of diseases in which inhibition of MMP's and/or ADAM's will provide therapeutic benefit, such as those characterized by matrix metalloproteinase or ADAM expression.
Matrix metalloproteinase and reprolysin inhibitors are well known in the literature. Specifically, European Patent Publication 606,046, published Jul. 13, 1994 refers to ceratin heterocyclic MMP inhibitors. PCT Publication WO 98/08825 and WO 98/08815, both published Mar. 5, 1998, refer to certain cyclic hydroxamic acid MMP inhibitors. U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,510, issued Jan. 19, 1999, refers to cyclic arylsulfonylamino hydroxamic acids that are useful as MMP inhibitors. PCT Publication WO 98/34918, published Aug. 13, 1998, refers to cyclic hydroxamic acids including certain dialkyl substituted compounds that are useful as MMP inhibitors.
PCT publications WO 96/27583 and WO 98/07697, published Mar. 7, 1996 and Feb. 26, 1998, respectively, refer to arylsulfonyl hydroxamic acids. PCT publication WO 98/03516, published Jan. 29, 1998, refers to phosphinates with MMP activity. PCT publication 98/33768, published Aug. 6, 1998, refers to N-unsubstituted arylsulfonylamino hydroxamic acids. European Patent Publication EP 935,963, published Aug. 18, 1999 refers to the use of MMP-13 selective inhibitors for the treatment of osteoarthritis. U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 09/290,022 09/287,930 and 09/287,508 filed Apr. 9, 1999, Apr. 7, 1999 and April 7, 1999 respectively, refer to methods of preparing hydroxamic acids. United States Provisional Patent Application entitled “Selective Inhibitors of Aggecanase in Osteoarthritis Treatment,” filed Aug. 12, 1999 refers to MMP, Aggrecanase and TACE inhibitors and to additional methods of preparing hydroxamic acids. United States Non-Provisional Application entitled “TACE Inhibitors,” filed Aug. 12,
Laird Ellen R.
Robinson Ralph P.
Desai Rita
Donahue E. Victor
Ginsburg Paul H.
Pfizer Inc.
Richardson Peter C.
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