2-hydroxyethidium, methods of preparation and uses thereof

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...

Reexamination Certificate

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C435S004000, C546S026000

Reexamination Certificate

active

10820599

ABSTRACT:
The inventors have purified the fluorescent product in the hydroethidine-based supeorxide detection assays and further identified the product as 2-hydroxyethidium. Methods for synthesizing 2-hydroxyethidium and for detecting and quantifying superoxide are provided.

REFERENCES:
patent: 2002/0081711 (2002-06-01), Herlyn et al.
Zhao et al, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 1359-1368 (2003).
Zielonka et al,Free Radical Biology & Medicine, vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 853-863, (Oct. 2005).
Zhao et al, PNAS, vol. 102, No. 16, pp. 5727-5732, (Apr. 19, 2005).
Budd et al, FEBS Letters, V. 415, pp. 21-24, (1997).
Georgiou et al, “An ultrasensitive fluorescent assay for the in vivo quantification of superoxide radical in organisms,” (Analytical Chemistry), Dec. 1, 2005, vol. 347, p. 144-151.
B. Fink, A. Doughan, D. Harrison, S. Dikalov, “Measurements of intracellular superoxide in endothelial cells and aortas using dihydroethidium and new HPLC-based assay,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 35, Supplement 1, p. S144.
H. Zhao, S. Kalivendi, H. Zhang, J. Joseph, K. Nithipatikom, J. Vasquez-Vivar, & B. Kalyanaraman, “Superoxide reacts with hydroethidine but forms a fluorescent product that is distinctly different from ethidium: potential implications in intracellular fluorescence detection of superoxide,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 1359-1368, 2003.
F.C. Luft, “Genetics, etiology, and pathogenesis of hypertension, vascular injury, and renal diseases,” http://www.mdc-berlin.de/englisch/research/research—areas/cardiovascular/luft.htm.

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