Cutting – With means to clean work or tool
Patent
1995-11-16
1997-10-21
Rachuba, Maurina T.
Cutting
With means to clean work or tool
83169, 83171, 409136, 408 61, B27B 529
Patent
active
056784660
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process and a device for lubricating and cooling cutting edges and/or workpieces in machining operations; at least two fluids, which are immiscible with each other, are fed to the cutting edges or workpieces. The fluids include a fluid substrate to reduce the friction between cutting edge and the workpiece or chips, removed therefrom and a fluid substrate to cool the cutting edge, workpiece, cutting edge support, and, if necessary, the chips removed therefrom.
In the instruction manual "DUBBEL", Taschenbuch fur den Maschinenbau publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg New York, 1974, pages 675 and 676, the following can be found in chapter 4, "Cooling and lubricating":
Cutting fluids are to cool the tool cutting edge (increase in edge life and cutting speed), lubricate the machining elements (improvement of surface texturing), and wash away the removed chips. Cooling can either prolong the tool's edge life with a constant cutting speed or increase the cutting speed with constant edge life on average up to 40%. Good cutting coolants are required to have a low viscosity in addition to a high lubricating effect and cooling capacity and they must not change, resinify, thicken, or otherwise fall off in efficiency during consumption. The coolants are to protect against rust, be nonfoaming and as transparent as possible to permit observation of the cutting procedure and finally they must not have harmful effects on the human organism.
Emulsions of the type oil-in-water are often used as cutting fluids. But these neither have an optimum lubricating effect nor an optimum cooling action. Depending on the quality of the emulsion, the individual oil particles are present in the aqueous phase in the range of several micrometers, and when they impinge on a cutting edge they are not capable of forming a coherent lubricating film of high adhesiveness and shear stability. The lubricating effect is also considerably reduced by emulsifying aids, such as tylose and the like, or surfactants, soaps, etc. In addition, organic fluids having a particularly high lubricating effect are only poorly emulsifiable. For this reason oils having a comparatively low lubricating effect are mostly used for the manufacture of stable emulsions. The emulsified phase of the cutting fluid also results in an extreme reduction of the cooling effect since the oil portion, as compared to the water portion, has considerably higher evaporation temperatures and lower evaporation heat. In addition, emulsions are susceptible to spoilage bacteria and, because of the different consumption of the two water/oil-phases, change their consistency and with that their specific action during operation.
CH-PS 543 344 describes a process for cooling and lubricating tools including at least two immiscible liquids, having different lubricating and cooling properties, which are supplied to the tool. The liquids discharged by the tools and forming an unstable emulsion are collected in a common reservoir, then fed into a separating container where they are to separate from each other, and out of this container, they are re-supplied to the tools. If necessary, the different phases are separated by means of a centrifuge.
As is the case with all emulsions used as cutting coolants, the disadvantage lies in the fact that the consistency changes owing to different consumption and therefore periodic reconditioning is required, Moreover, the cooling action and in particular the lubricating effect are very limited since, on the one hand, it is not possible in a circulatory operation to achieve a really clean separation of the different phases and, on the other hand, the lubricant has an only low shear stability and adhesive capacity for reasons of emulsifiability. Also, it is not possible with an emulsion to vary the phase proportions temporarily.
DE-U-9 115 481.8 describes a cooling and lubricating device which permits feeding of very small amounts of liquid exactly to the intended metal cutting point to be cooled
REFERENCES:
patent: 2722245 (1955-11-01), Clampitt
patent: 3104575 (1963-09-01), Robinson
patent: 3256647 (1966-06-01), Hutton
patent: 3577808 (1971-05-01), Visser et al.
patent: 3821921 (1974-07-01), Rosenberg
patent: 4484417 (1984-11-01), Klingerman
patent: 4708539 (1987-11-01), Threadgill
patent: 4778315 (1988-10-01), Duffy et al.
patent: 4844047 (1989-07-01), Brehm
patent: 4848200 (1989-07-01), McGehee
patent: 5042618 (1991-08-01), Switalski et al.
"Dubbel", Toschenbuch fur den Maschinenbau, 13th Edition, 2nd vol. (1974) pp. 675-676.
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