Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Control element responsive to a sensed operating condition
Patent
1996-10-09
1999-07-06
Pyon, Harold Y.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Control element responsive to a sensed operating condition
422 57, 422 61, 422 681, 422 73, 422102, 436 18, 210789, B01D 2126
Patent
active
059194197
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a specific cuvette, an assay method and a diagnostic test kit where samples of whole blood can be used for quantitative diagnostic testing without a need for centrifugation, even though the blood components to be analyzed are in the plasma fraction. Using the method of this invention the blood sample is converted into a plasma fraction and a cell fraction by shaking in a cuvette in the presence of a special agglutinating reagent. The procedure results in the avoidance of the disturbing effect of the cell fraction which forms a solid phase. A plasma fraction is obtained which is suitable to be used in diagnostic tests using immunometric or calorimetric methods or strip tests without physically removing the blood cells from the sample.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SEPARATION OF PLASMA COMPONENTS FROM BLOOD CELLS
Various diagnostic methods are based on the determination of the concentration of analytes in blood plasma. Often, however, the blood cells seriously disturb the assay procedure chosen and therefore it is necessary to separate the blood cells from the plasma prior to the measurement. In most cases plasma is separated by centrifugation. Although centrifugation is considered to be a routine method a device and tubes are required affecting the level of test costs. Moreover, centrifugation is a laborious step to perform. Furthermore, test tubes broken and aerosoles produced during centrifugation cause a risk of infection for the laboratory personnel.
Filtration methods are also used in some degree. However, their volumetric capacity is very low and they can be performed most satisfactorily in special applications like immunochromatography.
Methods for separation of plasma from blood components using agglutination (DE 2038722, DE 1498577) or agglutination-filtration (EP-183991 A1, EP-045476 A1, EP-0194502 B1) have been disclosed earlier. Said methods or devices are intended for narrow-segmented special applications, either as a primary plasma separation method, where the separated plasma is physically transferred into another tube or cuvette for analysis or transported by capillary forces into another membrane layer or device chamber. The purpose of these methods differ from the purposes presented in this invention. Both the production methods and the methods of use of the agglutinating component are different from those disclosed in this invention.
According to the literature potato (Solanum tuberosum) contains STA-lectin (Solanum tuberosum agglutinin) and various other carbohydrate binding proteins, which have not been completely characterized so far (Kilpatrick, D. C., Biochem. J. 1980, 191:273-275; Allen, A. K. and Neuberger, A., Biochem. J. 1973, 135:307-314; Matsumoto, I. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1983, 258:2886-2891; Millar, D. J. et al., Biochem. J. 1992, 283:813-821). Carbohydrate binding proteins isolated from other plants and those produced by means of recombinant technology and genetic engineering may also be used. It is of importance that irrespective of the production procedure, the carbohydrate binding proteins produced all bind blood cells but not plasma glycoproteins.
The STA-lectin binds to blood cell surface antigens of various animal species, including human. The agglutination procedure is based on the binding of polyvalent lectin to cell surface carbohydrate moieties of the blood group antigens. The STA-lectin is specific for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-oligomers but shows only minor affinity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-monomers or other sugar monomers or polymers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the use of an analyzer cuvette or tube, and to a method in which samples of whole blood drawn for analysis of an analyte is processed in said cuvette. The method renders it possible to analyze plasma analytes of whole blood without the disturbing effect of the cell fraction or thrombocytes. The analyzer cuvette can also be used as the primary tube for sampling small blood samples.
In the present invention the blood
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Orion-yhtyma Oy
Pyon Harold Y.
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